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Docker Mailserver
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Security | Fail2Ban
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docker-mailserver
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Introduction
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Usage
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Configuration
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Examples
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GHCR
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 496 512" > <!-- ! Font Awesome Free 6.3.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z" / > < / svg >
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docker-mailserver
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Home
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Introduction
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Usage
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Configuration
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Configuration
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< a href = "../../environment/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Environment Variables
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../user-management/" class = "md-nav__link" >
User Management
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Best Practices
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_3_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Best Practices
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< a href = "../../best-practices/dkim/" class = "md-nav__link" >
DKIM
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< a href = "../../best-practices/dmarc/" class = "md-nav__link" >
DMARC
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/spf/" class = "md-nav__link" >
SPF
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/autodiscover/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Auto-discovery
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< / ul >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_4" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4_4" id = "__nav_4_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Security
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_4_label" aria-expanded = "true" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_4" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Security
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< a href = "../understanding-the-ports/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Understanding the Ports
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../ssl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
SSL/TLS
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type = "checkbox" id = "__toc" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for = "__toc" >
Fail2Ban
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< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
Fail2Ban
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< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "Table of contents" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
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Table of contents
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
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< a href = "#configuration-files" class = "md-nav__link" >
Configuration files
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< a href = "#docker-compose-config" class = "md-nav__link" >
Docker-compose config
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container" class = "md-nav__link" >
Running fail2ban in a rootless container
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Running fail2ban in a rootless container" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" class = "md-nav__link" >
Docker with slirp4netns port driver
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" class = "md-nav__link" >
Podman with slirp4netns port driver
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#manage-bans" class = "md-nav__link" >
Manage bans
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Manage bans" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#list-bans" class = "md-nav__link" >
List bans
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#un-ban" class = "md-nav__link" >
Un-ban
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../mail_crypt/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail Encryption
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../rspamd/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Rspamd
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../debugging/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Debugging
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../pop3/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail Delivery with POP3
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../setup.sh/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Your Friend setup.sh
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_8" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4_8" id = "__nav_4_8_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Advanced Configuration
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< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_8_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_8" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Advanced Configuration
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< a href = "../../advanced/optional-config/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Optional Configuration
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_8_2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4_8_2" id = "__nav_4_8_2_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Maintenance
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< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "3" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_8_2_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_8_2" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Maintenance
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Update and Cleanup
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< / ul >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_8_3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4_8_3" id = "__nav_4_8_3_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Override the Default Configs
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< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "3" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_8_3_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_8_3" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Override the Default Configs
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/dovecot/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Dovecot
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/postfix/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Postfix
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Modifications via Script
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< / ul >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/auth-ldap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
LDAP Authentication
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/mail-sieve/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Email Filtering with Sieve
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/mail-fetchmail/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Email Gathering with Fetchmail
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_8_7" >
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Building your own Docker image
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Forward-Only Mail-Server with LDAP
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GHCR
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Running fail2ban in a rootless container
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Docker with slirp4netns port driver
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List bans
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Un-ban
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< h1 > Fail2Ban< / h1 >
< p > Fail2Ban is installed automatically and bans IP addresses for 3 hours after 3 failed attempts in 10 minutes by default.< / p >
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< h2 id = "configuration-files" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#configuration-files" > Configuration files< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > If you want to change this, you can easily edit our github example file: < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/config-examples/fail2ban-jail.cf" > < code > config-examples/fail2ban-jail.cf< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< p > You can do the same with the values from < code > fail2ban.conf< / code > , e.g < code > dbpurgeage< / code > . In that case you need to edit: < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/config-examples/fail2ban-fail2ban.cf" > < code > config-examples/fail2ban-fail2ban.cf< / code > < / a > .< / p >
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< p > The configuration files need to be located at the root of the < code > /tmp/docker-mailserver/< / code > volume bind (usually < code > ./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/< / code > ).< / p >
< p > This following configuration files from < code > /tmp/docker-mailserver/< / code > will be copied during container startup.< / p >
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< ul >
< li > < code > fail2ban-jail.cf< / code > -> < code > /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/user-jail.local< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > fail2ban-fail2ban.cf< / code > -> < code > /etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.local< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "docker-compose-config" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#docker-compose-config" > Docker-compose config< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Example configuration volume bind:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > volumes< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< div class = "admonition attention" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Attention< / p >
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< p > < code > docker-mailserver< / code > must be launched with the < code > NET_ADMIN< / code > capability in order to be able to install the nftables rules that actually ban IP addresses.< / p >
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< p > Thus either include < code > --cap-add=NET_ADMIN< / code > in the < code > docker run< / code > command, or the equivalent in < code > docker-compose.yml< / code > :< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > cap_add< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > NET_ADMIN< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< h2 id = "running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container" > Running fail2ban in a rootless container< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit" > < code > RootlessKit< / code > < / a > is the < em > fakeroot< / em > implementation for supporting < em > rootless mode< / em > in Docker and Podman. By default RootlessKit uses the < a href = "https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit/blob/v0.14.5/docs/port.md#port-drivers" > < code > builtin< / code > port forwarding driver< / a > , which does not propagate source IP addresses.< / p >
< p > It is necessary for < code > fail2ban< / code > to have access to the real source IP addresses in order to correctly identify clients. This is achieved by changing the port forwarding driver to < a href = "https://github.com/rootless-containers/slirp4netns" > < code > slirp4netns< / code > < / a > , which is slower than < code > builtin< / code > but does preserve the real source IPs.< / p >
< h3 id = "docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > Docker with < code > slirp4netns< / code > port driver< / a > < / h3 >
< p > For < a href = "https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless" > rootless mode< / a > in Docker, create < code > ~/.config/systemd/user/docker.service.d/override.conf< / code > with the following content:< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > [Service]
Environment=" DOCKERD_ROOTLESS_ROOTLESSKIT_PORT_DRIVER=slirp4netns"
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< p > And then restart the daemon:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "gp" > $ < / span > systemctl< span class = "w" > < / span > --user< span class = "w" > < / span > daemon-reload
< span class = "gp" > $ < / span > systemctl< span class = "w" > < / span > --user< span class = "w" > < / span > restart< span class = "w" > < / span > docker
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > This changes the port driver for all rootless containers managed by Docker.< / p >
< p > Per container configuration is not supported, if you need that consider Podman instead.< / p >
< / div >
< h3 id = "podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > Podman with < code > slirp4netns< / code > port driver< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > < a href = "https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/v3.4.1/docs/source/markdown/podman-run.1.md#--networkmode---net" > Rootless Podman< / a > requires adding the value < code > slirp4netns:port_handler=slirp4netns< / code > to the < code > --network< / code > CLI option, or < code > network_mode< / code > setting in your < code > docker-compose.yml< / code > .< / p >
< p > You must also add the ENV < code > NETWORK_INTERFACE=tap0< / code > , because Podman uses a < a href = "https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/v3.4.1/libpod/networking_slirp4netns.go#L264" > hard-coded interface name< / a > for < code > slirp4netns< / code > .< / p >
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< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > services< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > mailserver< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > network_mode< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " slirp4netns:port_handler=slirp4netns" < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > environment< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ENABLE_FAIL2BAN=1< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > NETWORK_INTERFACE=tap0< / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ...< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > < code > slirp4netns< / code > is not compatible with user-defined networks.< / p >
< / div >
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< h2 id = "manage-bans" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#manage-bans" > Manage bans< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > You can also manage and list the banned IPs with the < a href = "../../setup.sh/" > < code > setup.sh< / code > < / a > script.< / p >
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< h3 id = "list-bans" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#list-bans" > List bans< / a > < / h3 >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > ./setup.sh< span class = "w" > < / span > fail2ban
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< h3 id = "un-ban" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#un-ban" > Un-ban< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Here < code > 192.168.1.15< / code > is our banned IP.< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > ./setup.sh< span class = "w" > < / span > fail2ban< span class = "w" > < / span > unban< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 192< / span > .168.1.15
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< p > & copy < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver" > < em > Docker Mailserver Organization< / em > < / a > < br / > < span > This project is licensed under the MIT license.< / span > < / p >
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