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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../setup.sh/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Your Best Friend setup.sh
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../environment/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Environment Variables
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_3" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_3" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_3" >
User Management
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "User Management" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_3" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
User Management
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../user-management/accounts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Accounts
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../user-management/aliases/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Aliases
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_4" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_4" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_4" >
Best Practices
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Best Practices" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_4" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Best Practices
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/dkim/" class = "md-nav__link" >
DKIM
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/dmarc/" class = "md-nav__link" >
DMARC
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/spf/" class = "md-nav__link" >
SPF
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/autodiscover/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Auto-discovery
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_5" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_5" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_5" >
Security
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Security" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_5" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Security
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../understanding-the-ports/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Understanding the Ports
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../ssl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
SSL/TLS
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "toc" type = "checkbox" id = "__toc" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for = "__toc" >
Fail2Ban
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
Fail2Ban
< / a >
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< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "Table of contents" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Table of contents
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#configuration-files" class = "md-nav__link" >
Configuration files
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Configuration files" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#docker-compose-config" class = "md-nav__link" >
Docker-compose config
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
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< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container" class = "md-nav__link" >
Running fail2ban in a rootless container
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Running fail2ban in a rootless container" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" class = "md-nav__link" >
Docker with slirp4netns port driver
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" class = "md-nav__link" >
Podman with slirp4netns port driver
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
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< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#manage-bans" class = "md-nav__link" >
Manage bans
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Manage bans" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#list-bans" class = "md-nav__link" >
List bans
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#un-ban" class = "md-nav__link" >
Un-ban
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../mail_crypt/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail Encryption
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_6" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_6" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_6" >
Troubleshooting
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Troubleshooting" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_6" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Troubleshooting
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../troubleshooting/debugging/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Debugging
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../pop3/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail Delivery with POP3
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8" >
Advanced Configuration
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Advanced Configuration" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Advanced Configuration
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/optional-config/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Optional Configuration
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8_2" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8_2" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8_2" >
Maintenance
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Maintenance" data-md-level = "3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8_2" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Maintenance
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Update and Cleanup
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8_3" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8_3" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8_3" >
Override the Default Configs
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Override the Default Configs" data-md-level = "3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8_3" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Override the Default Configs
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/dovecot/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Dovecot
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/postfix/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Postfix
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Modifications via Script
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/auth-ldap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
LDAP Authentication
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/mail-sieve/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Email Filtering with Sieve
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/mail-fetchmail/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Email Gathering with Fetchmail
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8_7" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8_7" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8_7" >
Email Forwarding
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Email Forwarding" data-md-level = "3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8_7" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Email Forwarding
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Relay Hosts
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class = "md-nav__link" >
AWS SES
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/full-text-search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Full-Text Search
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/kubernetes/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/ipv6/" class = "md-nav__link" >
IPv6
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../advanced/podman/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Podman
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_4" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4" >
Examples
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< a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/edit/master/docs/content/config/security/fail2ban.md" title = "Edit this page" class = "md-content__button md-icon" >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z" / > < / svg >
< / a >
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< h1 > Fail2Ban< / h1 >
< p > Fail2Ban is installed automatically and bans IP addresses for 3 hours after 3 failed attempts in 10 minutes by default.< / p >
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< h2 id = "configuration-files" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#configuration-files" > Configuration files< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > If you want to change this, you can easily edit our github example file: < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/config/fail2ban-jail.cf" > < code > config/fail2ban-jail.cf< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< p > You can do the same with the values from < code > fail2ban.conf< / code > , e.g < code > dbpurgeage< / code > . In that case you need to edit: < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/config/fail2ban-fail2ban.cf" > < code > config/fail2ban-fail2ban.cf< / code > < / a > .< / p >
< p > The configuration files need to be located at the root of the < code > /tmp/docker-mailserver/< / code > volume bind (usually < code > ./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/< / code > ).< / p >
< p > This following configuration files from < code > /tmp/docker-mailserver/< / code > will be copied during container startup.< / p >
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< ul >
< li > < code > fail2ban-jail.cf< / code > -> < code > /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/user-jail.local< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > fail2ban-fail2ban.cf< / code > -> < code > /etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.local< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "docker-compose-config" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#docker-compose-config" > Docker-compose config< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Example configuration volume bind:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > volumes< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< div class = "admonition attention" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Attention< / p >
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< p > < code > docker-mailserver< / code > must be launched with the < code > NET_ADMIN< / code > capability in order to be able to install the iptable rules that actually ban IP addresses.< / p >
< p > Thus either include < code > --cap-add=NET_ADMIN< / code > in the < code > docker run< / code > command, or the equivalent in < code > docker-compose.yml< / code > :< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > cap_add< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > NET_ADMIN< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > If you don't you will see errors the form of:< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "go" > iptables -w -X f2b-postfix -- stderr: " getsockopt failed strangely: Operation not permitted\niptables v1.4.21: can' t initialize iptabl< / span >
< span class = "go" > es table `filter' : Permission denied (you must be root)\nPerhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.\niptables v1.4.21: can' < / span >
< span class = "go" > t initialize iptables table `filter' : Permission denied (you must be root)\nPerhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.\n" < / span >
< span class = "go" > 2016-06-01 00:53:51,284 fail2ban.action [678]: ERROR iptables -w -D INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports smtp,465,submission -< / span >
< span class = "go" > j f2b-postfix< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< h2 id = "running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container" > Running fail2ban in a rootless container< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit" > < code > RootlessKit< / code > < / a > is the < em > fakeroot< / em > implementation for supporting < em > rootless mode< / em > in Docker and Podman. By default RootlessKit uses the < a href = "https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit/blob/v0.14.5/docs/port.md#port-drivers" > < code > builtin< / code > port forwarding driver< / a > , which does not propagate source IP addresses.< / p >
< p > It is necessary for < code > fail2ban< / code > to have access to the real source IP addresses in order to correctly identify clients. This is achieved by changing the port forwarding driver to < a href = "https://github.com/rootless-containers/slirp4netns" > < code > slirp4netns< / code > < / a > , which is slower than < code > builtin< / code > but does preserve the real source IPs.< / p >
< h3 id = "docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > Docker with < code > slirp4netns< / code > port driver< / a > < / h3 >
< p > For < a href = "https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless" > rootless mode< / a > in Docker, create < code > ~/.config/systemd/user/docker.service.d/override.conf< / code > with the following content:< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > [Service]
Environment=" DOCKERD_ROOTLESS_ROOTLESSKIT_PORT_DRIVER=slirp4netns"
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< p > And then restart the daemon:< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "gp" > $ < / span > systemctl --user daemon-reload
< span class = "gp" > $ < / span > systemctl --user restart docker
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > This changes the port driver for all rootless containers managed by Docker.< / p >
< p > Per container configuration is not supported, if you need that consider Podman instead.< / p >
< / div >
< h3 id = "podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver" > Podman with < code > slirp4netns< / code > port driver< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > < a href = "https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/v3.4.1/docs/source/markdown/podman-run.1.md#--networkmode---net" > Rootless Podman< / a > requires adding the value < code > slirp4netns:port_handler=slirp4netns< / code > to the < code > --network< / code > CLI option, or < code > network_mode< / code > setting in your < code > docker-compose.yml< / code > .< / p >
< p > You must also add the ENV < code > NETWORK_INTERFACE=tap0< / code > , because Podman uses a < a href = "https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/v3.4.1/libpod/networking_slirp4netns.go#L264" > hard-coded interface name< / a > for < code > slirp4netns< / code > .< / p >
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< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
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< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > services< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > mailserver< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > network_mode< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s" > " slirp4netns:port_handler=slirp4netns" < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nt" > environment< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ENABLE_FAIL2BAN=1< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > NETWORK_INTERFACE=tap0< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
< span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ...< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > < code > slirp4netns< / code > is not compatible with user-defined networks.< / p >
< / div >
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< h2 id = "manage-bans" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#manage-bans" > Manage bans< / a > < / h2 >
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< p > You can also manage and list the banned IPs with the < a href = "../../setup.sh/" > < code > setup.sh< / code > < / a > script.< / p >
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< h3 id = "list-bans" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#list-bans" > List bans< / a > < / h3 >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > ./setup.sh debug fail2ban
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< h3 id = "un-ban" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#un-ban" > Un-ban< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Here < code > 192.168.1.15< / code > is our banned IP.< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > ./setup.sh debug fail2ban unban < span class = "m" > 192< / span > .168.1.15
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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