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Usage
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docker-mailserver
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Introduction
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Configuration
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Examples
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Contributing
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DockerHub
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<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver" class="md-tabs__link">
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GHCR
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Docker Mailserver
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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docker-mailserver
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Introduction
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Usage
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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Usage
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Preliminary Steps
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Deploying the Actual Image
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Get All Files
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Configuration Steps
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Get Up and Running
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Further Miscellaneous Steps
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<a href="#aliases" class="md-nav__link">
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Aliases
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<a href="#advanced-dns-setup-dkim-dmarc-spf" class="md-nav__link">
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Advanced DNS Setup - DKIM, DMARC & SPF
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<a href="#custom-user-changes-patches" class="md-nav__link">
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Custom User Changes & Patches
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Testing
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Configuration
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<a href="../config/environment/" class="md-nav__link">
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Environment Variables
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User Management
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Best Practices
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<a href="../config/best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf/" class="md-nav__link">
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DKIM, DMARC & SPF
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Auto-discovery
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<a href="../config/security/understanding-the-ports/" class="md-nav__link">
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Understanding the Ports
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<a href="../config/security/ssl/" class="md-nav__link">
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SSL/TLS
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Fail2Ban
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<a href="../config/security/mail_crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail Encryption
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<a href="../config/security/rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
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Rspamd
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/debugging/" class="md-nav__link">
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Debugging
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<a href="../config/pop3/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail Delivery with POP3
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/setup.sh/" class="md-nav__link">
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About setup.sh
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Advanced Configuration
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Advanced Configuration
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<a href="../config/advanced/optional-config/" class="md-nav__link">
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Optional Configuration
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Maintenance
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Update and Cleanup
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Override the Default Configs
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<a href="../config/advanced/override-defaults/dovecot/" class="md-nav__link">
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Dovecot
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class="md-nav__link">
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Modifications via Script
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</ul>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/auth-ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
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LDAP Authentication
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/mail-sieve/" class="md-nav__link">
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Email Filtering with Sieve
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/mail-fetchmail/" class="md-nav__link">
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Email Gathering with Fetchmail
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8_7" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_7" id="__nav_4_8_7_label" tabindex="0">
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Email Forwarding
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Email Forwarding
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Relay Hosts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class="md-nav__link">
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AWS SES
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<a href="../config/advanced/full-text-search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../config/advanced/kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
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Kubernetes
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<a href="../config/advanced/ipv6/" class="md-nav__link">
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IPv6
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<a href="../config/advanced/podman/" class="md-nav__link">
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Podman
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<a href="../config/advanced/dovecot-master-accounts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Dovecot Master Accounts
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</ul>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class="md-nav__link">
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Basic Installation
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../examples/tutorials/mailserver-behind-proxy/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mailserver behind Proxy
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../examples/tutorials/docker-build/" class="md-nav__link">
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Building your own Docker image
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../examples/tutorials/blog-posts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Blog Posts
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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|
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<a href="../examples/use-cases/forward-only-mailserver-with-ldap-authentication/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Forward-Only Mail-Server with LDAP
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../examples/use-cases/imap-folders/" class="md-nav__link">
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Customize IMAP Folders
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver" class="md-nav__link">
|
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GHCR
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Preliminary Steps
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Preliminary Steps">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<a href="#host-setup" class="md-nav__link">
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Host Setup
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#minimal-dns-setup" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Minimal DNS Setup
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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</ul>
|
|
</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Deploying the Actual Image
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Tagging Convention
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#get-all-files" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Get All Files
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#configuration-steps" class="md-nav__link">
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Configuration Steps
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#get-up-and-running" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Get Up and Running
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#further-miscellaneous-steps" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Further Miscellaneous Steps
|
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Further Miscellaneous Steps">
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#setting-up-tls" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Setting up TLS
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#aliases" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Aliases
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#advanced-dns-setup-dkim-dmarc-spf" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Advanced DNS Setup - DKIM, DMARC & SPF
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#custom-user-changes-patches" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Custom User Changes & Patches
|
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</a>
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|
|
</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Testing
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
|
</nav>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
|
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<h1>Usage</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>This pages explains how to get started with DMS. The guide uses Docker Compose as a reference. In our examples, a volume mounts the host location <a href="../config/advanced/optional-config/"><code>docker-data/dms/config/</code></a> to <code>/tmp/docker-mailserver/</code> inside the container.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="preliminary-steps"><a class="toclink" href="#preliminary-steps">Preliminary Steps</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Before you can get started with deploying your own mail server, there are some requirements to be met:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>You need to have a host that you can manage.</li>
|
|
<li>You need to own a domain, and you need to able to manage DNS for this domain.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h3 id="host-setup"><a class="toclink" href="#host-setup">Host Setup</a></h3>
|
|
<p>There are a few requirements for a suitable host system:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>The host should have a static IP address; otherwise you will need to dynamically update DNS (undesirable due to DNS caching)</li>
|
|
<li>The host should be able to send/receive on the <a href="../config/security/understanding-the-ports/#overview-of-email-ports">necessary ports for mail</a></li>
|
|
<li>You should be able to set a <code>PTR</code> record for your host; security-hardened mail servers might otherwise reject your mail server as the IP address of your host does not resolve correctly/at all to the DNS name of your server.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>On the host, you should have a suitable container runtime (like <em>Docker</em> or <em>Podman</em>) installed. We assume <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/"><em>Docker Compose</em></a> is <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/">installed</a>.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition info">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Podman Support</p>
|
|
<p>If you're using podman, make sure to read the related <a href="../config/advanced/podman/">documentation</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3 id="minimal-dns-setup"><a class="toclink" href="#minimal-dns-setup">Minimal DNS Setup</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The DNS setup is a big and essential part of the whole setup. There is a lot of confusion for newcomers and people starting out when setting up DNS. This section provides an example configuration and supplementary explanation. We expect you to be at least a bit familiar with DNS, what it does and what the individual record types are.</p>
|
|
<p>Now let's say you just bought <code>example.com</code> and you want to be able to send and receive e-mails for the address <code>test@example.com</code>. On the most basic level, you will need to</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>set an <code>MX</code> record for your domain <code>example.com</code> - in our example, the MX record contains <code>mail.example.com</code></li>
|
|
<li>set an <code>A</code> record that resolves the name of your mail server - in our example, the A record contains <code>11.22.33.44</code></li>
|
|
<li>(in a best-case scenario) set a <code>PTR</code> record that resolves the IP of your mail server - in our example, the PTR contains <code>mail.example.com</code></li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>We will later dig into DKIM, DMARC & SPF, but for now, these are the records that suffice in getting you up and running. Here is a short explanation of what the records do:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The <strong>MX record</strong> tells everyone which (DNS) name is responsible for e-mails on your domain.
|
|
Because you want to keep the option of running another service on the domain name itself, you run your mail server on <code>mail.example.com</code>.
|
|
This does not imply your e-mails will look like <code>test@mail.example.com</code>, the DNS name of your mail server is decoupled of the domain it serves e-mails for.
|
|
In theory, you mail server could even serve e-mails for <code>test@some-other-domain.com</code>, if the MX record for <code>some-other-domain.com</code> points to <code>mail.example.com</code>.</li>
|
|
<li>The <strong>A record</strong> tells everyone which IP address the DNS name <code>mail.example.com</code> resolves to.</li>
|
|
<li>The <strong>PTR record</strong> is the counterpart of the A record, telling everyone what name the IP address <code>11.22.33.44</code> resolves to.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>If you setup everything, it should roughly look like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>dig<span class="w"> </span>@1.1.1.1<span class="w"> </span>+short<span class="w"> </span>MX<span class="w"> </span>example.com
|
|
<span class="go">mail.example.com</span>
|
|
<span class="gp">$ </span>dig<span class="w"> </span>@1.1.1.1<span class="w"> </span>+short<span class="w"> </span>A<span class="w"> </span>mail.example.com
|
|
<span class="go">11.22.33.44</span>
|
|
<span class="gp">$ </span>dig<span class="w"> </span>@1.1.1.1<span class="w"> </span>+short<span class="w"> </span>-x<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">11</span>.22.33.44
|
|
<span class="go">mail.example.com</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="deploying-the-actual-image"><a class="toclink" href="#deploying-the-actual-image">Deploying the Actual Image</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="tagging-convention"><a class="toclink" href="#tagging-convention">Tagging Convention</a></h3>
|
|
<p>To understand which tags you should use, read this section carefully. <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/actions">Our CI</a> will automatically build, test and push new images to the following container registries:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>DockerHub (<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/mailserver/docker-mailserver"><code>docker.io/mailserver/docker-mailserver</code></a>)</li>
|
|
<li>GitHub Container Registry (<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver"><code>ghcr.io/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver</code></a>)</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>All workflows are using the tagging convention listed below. It is subsequently applied to all images.</p>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Event</th>
|
|
<th>Image Tags</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>push</code> on <code>master</code></td>
|
|
<td><code>edge</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><code>push</code> a tag (<code>v1.2.3</code>)</td>
|
|
<td><code>1.2.3</code>, <code>1.2</code>, <code>1</code>, <code>latest</code></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3 id="get-all-files"><a class="toclink" href="#get-all-files">Get All Files</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Issue the following commands to acquire the necessary files:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">DMS_GITHUB_URL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/latest"</span>
|
|
wget<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DMS_GITHUB_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/docker-compose.yml"</span>
|
|
wget<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DMS_GITHUB_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/mailserver.env"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="configuration-steps"><a class="toclink" href="#configuration-steps">Configuration Steps</a></h3>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>First edit <code>docker-compose.yml</code> to your liking<ul>
|
|
<li>Substitute <code>mail.example.com</code> according to your FQDN.</li>
|
|
<li>If you want to use SELinux for the <code>./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/</code> mount, append <code>-z</code> or <code>-Z</code>.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Then configure the environment specific to the mail server by editing <a href="../config/environment/"><code>mailserver.env</code></a>, but keep in mind that:<ul>
|
|
<li>only <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/env-file/">basic <code>VAR=VAL</code></a> is supported</li>
|
|
<li>do not quote your values</li>
|
|
<li>variable substitution is not supported, e.g. <code>OVERRIDE_HOSTNAME=$HOSTNAME.$DOMAINNAME</code> does not work</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h3 id="get-up-and-running"><a class="toclink" href="#get-up-and-running">Get Up and Running</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="admonition danger">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Using the Correct Commands For Stopping and Starting DMS</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Use <code>docker compose up / down</code>, not <code>docker compose start / stop</code></strong>. Otherwise, the container is not properly destroyed and you may experience problems during startup because of inconsistent state.</p>
|
|
<p>Using <code>Ctrl+C</code> <strong>is not supported either</strong>!</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>For an overview of commands to manage DMS config, run: <code>docker exec -it <CONTAINER NAME> setup help</code>.</p>
|
|
<details class="info">
|
|
<summary>Usage of <code>setup.sh</code> when no DMS Container Is Running</summary>
|
|
<p>We encourage you to directly use <code>setup</code> inside the container (like shown above). If you still want to use <code>setup.sh</code>, here's some information about it.</p>
|
|
<p>If no DMS container is running, any <code>./setup.sh</code> command will check online for the <code>:latest</code> image tag (the current <em>stable</em> release), performing a <code>docker pull ...</code> if necessary followed by running the command in a temporary container:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>./setup.sh<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">help</span>
|
|
<span class="go">Image 'ghcr.io/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest' not found. Pulling ...</span>
|
|
<span class="go">SETUP(1)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="go">NAME</span>
|
|
<span class="go"> setup - 'docker-mailserver' Administration & Configuration script</span>
|
|
<span class="go">...</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="gp">$ </span>docker<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span>--rm<span class="w"> </span>ghcr.io/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest<span class="w"> </span>setup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">help</span>
|
|
<span class="go">SETUP(1)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="go">NAME</span>
|
|
<span class="go"> setup - 'docker-mailserver' Administration & Configuration script</span>
|
|
<span class="go">...</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</details>
|
|
<p>On first start, you will need to add at least one email account (unless you're using LDAP). You have two minutes to do so, otherwise DMS will shutdown and restart. You can add accounts by running <code>docker exec -ti <CONTAINER NAME> setup email add user@example.com</code>. <strong>That's it! It really is that easy</strong>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="further-miscellaneous-steps"><a class="toclink" href="#further-miscellaneous-steps">Further Miscellaneous Steps</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="setting-up-tls"><a class="toclink" href="#setting-up-tls">Setting up TLS</a></h3>
|
|
<p>You definitely want to setup TLS. Please refer to <a href="../config/security/ssl/">our documentation about TLS</a>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="aliases"><a class="toclink" href="#aliases">Aliases</a></h3>
|
|
<p>You should add at least one <a href="../config/user-management/#aliases">alias</a>, the <a href="../config/environment/#postmaster_address"><em>postmaster alias</em></a>. This is a common convention, but not strictly required.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>-ti<span class="w"> </span><CONTAINER<span class="w"> </span>NAME><span class="w"> </span>setup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">alias</span><span class="w"> </span>add<span class="w"> </span>postmaster@example.com<span class="w"> </span>user@example.com
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="advanced-dns-setup-dkim-dmarc-spf"><a class="toclink" href="#advanced-dns-setup-dkim-dmarc-spf">Advanced DNS Setup - DKIM, DMARC & SPF</a></h3>
|
|
<p>You will very likely want to configure your DNS with these TXT records: <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/email-security/dmarc-dkim-spf/">SPF, DKIM, and DMARC</a>. We also ship a <a href="../config/best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf/">dedicated page in our documentation</a> about the setup of DKIM, DMARC & SPF.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="custom-user-changes-patches"><a class="toclink" href="#custom-user-changes-patches">Custom User Changes & Patches</a></h3>
|
|
<p>If you'd like to change, patch or alter files or behavior of DMS, you can use a script. See <a href="../faq/#how-to-adjust-settings-with-the-user-patchessh-script">this part of our documentation</a> for a detailed explanation.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="testing"><a class="toclink" href="#testing">Testing</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Here are some tools you can use to verify your configuration:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li><a href="https://mxtoolbox.com/SuperTool.aspx">MX Toolbox</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.mimecast.com/products/dmarc-analyzer/spf-record-check/">DMARC Analyzer</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.mail-tester.com/">mail-tester.com</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://multirbl.valli.org/">multiRBL.valli.org</a></li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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