github-com-docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver.git synced 2024-01-19 02:48:50 +00:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity
docker-mailserver/edge/config/best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf/index.html
github-actions[bot] 5c008603e0 deploy: 3d5f6aeec4
2023-08-29 21:41:22 +00:00

2357 lines
70 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="A fullstack but simple mail-server (SMTP, IMAP, LDAP, Antispam, Antivirus, etc.) using Docker.">
<meta name="author" content="docker-mailserver (Github Organization)">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://docker-mailserver.github.io/docker-mailserver/edge/config/best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf/">
<link rel="prev" href="../../user-management/">
<link rel="next" href="../autodiscover/">
<link rel="icon" href="../../../assets/logo/favicon-32x32.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.2, mkdocs-material-9.2.5">
<title>DKIM, DMARC & SPF - Docker Mailserver</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/main.0e669242.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.85d0ee34.min.css">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/css/customizations.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
<script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&"object"==typeof palette.color)for(var key of Object.keys(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,palette.color[key])</script>
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
<a href="#dkim-dmarc-spf" class="md-skip">
Skip to content
</a>
</div>
<div data-md-component="announce">
</div>
<div data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-component="outdated" hidden>
</div>
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="Header">
<a href="../../.." title="Docker Mailserver" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Docker Mailserver" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../../assets/logo/dmo-logo-white.min.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Docker Mailserver
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DKIM, DMARC & SPF
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="indigo" aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for="__palette_2" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m17.75 4.09-2.53 1.94.91 3.06-2.63-1.81-2.63 1.81.91-3.06-2.53-1.94L12.44 4l1.06-3 1.06 3 3.19.09m3.5 6.91-1.64 1.25.59 1.98-1.7-1.17-1.7 1.17.59-1.98L15.75 11l2.06-.05L18.5 9l.69 1.95 2.06.05m-2.28 4.95c.83-.08 1.72 1.1 1.19 1.85-.32.45-.66.87-1.08 1.27C15.17 23 8.84 23 4.94 19.07c-3.91-3.9-3.91-10.24 0-14.14.4-.4.82-.76 1.27-1.08.75-.53 1.93.36 1.85 1.19-.27 2.86.69 5.83 2.89 8.02a9.96 9.96 0 0 0 8.02 2.89m-1.64 2.02a12.08 12.08 0 0 1-7.8-3.47c-2.17-2.19-3.33-5-3.49-7.82-2.81 3.14-2.7 7.96.31 10.98 3.02 3.01 7.84 3.12 10.98.31Z"/></svg>
</label>
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="indigo" data-md-color-accent="blue" aria-label="Switch to light mode" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_2">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 7a5 5 0 0 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5-5 5 5 0 0 1 5-5m0 2a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3m0-7 2.39 3.42C13.65 5.15 12.84 5 12 5c-.84 0-1.65.15-2.39.42L12 2M3.34 7l4.16-.35A7.2 7.2 0 0 0 5.94 8.5c-.44.74-.69 1.5-.83 2.29L3.34 7m.02 10 1.76-3.77a7.131 7.131 0 0 0 2.38 4.14L3.36 17M20.65 7l-1.77 3.79a7.023 7.023 0 0 0-2.38-4.15l4.15.36m-.01 10-4.14.36c.59-.51 1.12-1.14 1.54-1.86.42-.73.69-1.5.83-2.29L20.64 17M12 22l-2.41-3.44c.74.27 1.55.44 2.41.44.82 0 1.63-.17 2.37-.44L12 22Z"/></svg>
</label>
</form>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="Search">
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="Clear" aria-label="Clear" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
Initializing search
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
docker-mailserver
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<nav class="md-tabs" aria-label="Tabs" data-md-component="tabs">
<div class="md-grid">
<ul class="md-tabs__list">
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../.." class="md-tabs__link">
Home
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../../introduction/" class="md-tabs__link">
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../../usage/" class="md-tabs__link">
Usage
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
<a href="../../environment/" class="md-tabs__link">
Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class="md-tabs__link">
Examples
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../../faq/" class="md-tabs__link">
FAQ
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="../../../contributing/general/" class="md-tabs__link">
Contributing
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/mailserver/docker-mailserver/" class="md-tabs__link">
DockerHub
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-tabs__item">
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver" class="md-tabs__link">
GHCR
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../../.." title="Docker Mailserver" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Docker Mailserver" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../../assets/logo/dmo-logo-white.min.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
Docker Mailserver
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
docker-mailserver
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../.." class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Home
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Introduction
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../usage/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Usage
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Configuration
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Configuration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../environment/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Environment Variables
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../user-management/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
User Management
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_3" checked>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_3" id="__nav_4_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Best Practices
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Best Practices
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DKIM, DMARC & SPF
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DKIM, DMARC & SPF
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dkim" class="md-nav__link">
DKIM
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="DKIM">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#generating-keys" class="md-nav__link">
Generating Keys
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dkim-dns" class="md-nav__link">
DNS Record
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dkim-debug" class="md-nav__link">
Troubleshooting
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dmarc" class="md-nav__link">
DMARC
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#spf" class="md-nav__link">
SPF
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="SPF">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#adding-an-spf-record" class="md-nav__link">
Adding an SPF Record
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#backup-mx-secondary-mx-for-policyd-spf" class="md-nav__link">
Backup MX &amp; Secondary MX for policyd-spf
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../autodiscover/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Auto-discovery
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_4" id="__nav_4_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Security
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Security
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../security/understanding-the-ports/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Understanding the Ports
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../security/ssl/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
SSL/TLS
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../security/fail2ban/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Fail2Ban
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../security/mail_crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Mail Encryption
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../security/rspamd/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Rspamd
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../debugging/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Debugging
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../pop3/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Mail Delivery with POP3
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../setup.sh/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
About setup.sh
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8" id="__nav_4_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Advanced Configuration
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Advanced Configuration
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/optional-config/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Optional Configuration
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_2" id="__nav_4_8_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Maintenance
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Maintenance
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Update and Cleanup
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_3" id="__nav_4_8_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Override the Default Configs
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Override the Default Configs
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/override-defaults/dovecot/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dovecot
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/override-defaults/postfix/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Postfix
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Modifications via Script
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/auth-ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
LDAP Authentication
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/mail-sieve/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Email Filtering with Sieve
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/mail-fetchmail/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Email Gathering with Fetchmail
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/mail-getmail/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Email Gathering with Getmail
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_8" id="__nav_4_8_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Email Forwarding
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Email Forwarding
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Relay Hosts
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
AWS SES
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/full-text-search/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Full-Text Search
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Kubernetes
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/ipv6/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
IPv6
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/podman/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Podman
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../advanced/dovecot-master-accounts/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Dovecot Master Accounts
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Examples
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Examples
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_1" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_1" id="__nav_5_1_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tutorials
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Tutorials
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Basic Installation
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/mailserver-behind-proxy/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Mailserver behind Proxy
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/docker-build/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Building your own Docker image
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/blog-posts/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Blog Posts
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_2" id="__nav_5_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Use Cases
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Use Cases
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/use-cases/forward-only-mailserver-with-ldap-authentication/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Forward-Only Mail-Server with LDAP
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/use-cases/imap-folders/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Customize IMAP Folders
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../examples/use-cases/ios-mail-push-support/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
iOS Mail Push Support
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../faq/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
FAQ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Contributing
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Contributing
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../contributing/general/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
General Information
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../contributing/tests/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Tests
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../../contributing/issues-and-pull-requests/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Issues and Pull Requests
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/mailserver/docker-mailserver/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
DockerHub
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
GHCR
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dkim" class="md-nav__link">
DKIM
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="DKIM">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#generating-keys" class="md-nav__link">
Generating Keys
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dkim-dns" class="md-nav__link">
DNS Record
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dkim-debug" class="md-nav__link">
Troubleshooting
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#dmarc" class="md-nav__link">
DMARC
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#spf" class="md-nav__link">
SPF
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="SPF">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#adding-an-spf-record" class="md-nav__link">
Adding an SPF Record
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#backup-mx-secondary-mx-for-policyd-spf" class="md-nav__link">
Backup MX &amp; Secondary MX for policyd-spf
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/edit/master/docs/content/config/best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/raw/master/docs/content/config/best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf.md" title="View source of this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.15 8.15 0 0 1-1.23-2Z"/></svg>
</a>
<h1 id="dkim-dmarc-spf"><a class="toclink" href="#dkim-dmarc-spf">DKIM, DMARC &amp; SPF</a></h1>
<p>Cloudflare has written an <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/email-security/dmarc-dkim-spf/">article about DKIM, DMARC and SPF</a> that we highly recommend you to read to get acquainted with the topic.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Rspamd vs Individual validators</p>
<p>With v12.0.0, Rspamd was integrated into DMS. It can perform validations for DKIM, DMARC and SPF as part of the <code>spam-score-calculation</code> for an email. DMS provides individual alternatives for each validation that can be used instead of deferring to Rspamd:</p>
<ul>
<li>DKIM: <code>opendkim</code> is used as a milter (like Rspamd)</li>
<li>DMARC: <code>opendmarc</code> is used as a milter (like Rspamd)</li>
<li>SPF: <code>policyd-spf</code> is used in Postfix's <code>smtpd_recipient_restrictions</code></li>
</ul>
<p>In a future release Rspamd will become the default for these validations, with a deprecation notice issued prior to the removal of the above alternatives.</p>
<p>We encourage everyone to prefer Rspamd via <code>ENABLE_RSPAMD=1</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">DNS Caches &amp; Propagation</p>
<p>While modern DNS providers are quick, it may take minutes or even hours for new DNS records to become available / propagate.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="dkim"><a class="toclink" href="#dkim">DKIM</a></h2>
<div class="admonition quote">
<p class="admonition-title">What is DKIM</p>
<p>DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in email (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail">Source</a></p>
</div>
<p>When DKIM is enabled:</p>
<ol>
<li>Inbound mail will verify any included DKIM signatures</li>
<li>Outbound mail is signed (<em>when you're sending domain has a configured DKIM key</em>)</li>
</ol>
<p>DKIM requires a public/private key pair to enable <strong>signing (<em>via private key</em>)</strong> your outgoing mail, while the receiving end must query DNS to <strong>verify (<em>via public key</em>)</strong> that the signature is trustworthy.</p>
<h3 id="generating-keys"><a class="toclink" href="#generating-keys">Generating Keys</a></h3>
<p>You'll need to repeat this process if you add any new domains.</p>
<p>You should have:</p>
<ul>
<li>At least one <a href="../../user-management/#adding-a-new-account">email account setup</a></li>
<li>Attached a <a href="../../advanced/optional-config/">volume for config</a> to persist the generated files to local storage</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Creating DKIM Keys</p>
<p>DKIM keys can be generated with good defaults by running:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>-it<span class="w"> </span>&lt;CONTAINER<span class="w"> </span>NAME&gt;<span class="w"> </span>setup<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>dkim
</code></pre></div>
<p>If you need to generate your keys with different settings, check the <code>help</code> output for supported config options and examples:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>docker<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>-it<span class="w"> </span>&lt;CONTAINER<span class="w"> </span>NAME&gt;<span class="w"> </span>setup<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>dkim<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">help</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>As described by the help output, you may need to use the <code>domain</code> option explicitly when you're using LDAP or Rspamd.</p>
</div>
<details class="info">
<summary>Changing the key size</summary>
<p>The keypair generated for using with DKIM presently defaults to RSA-2048. This is a good size but you can lower the security to <code>1024-bit</code>, or increase it to <code>4096-bit</code> (<em>discouraged as that is excessive</em>).</p>
<p>To generate a key with different size (<em>for RSA 1024-bit</em>) run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>setup<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>dkim<span class="w"> </span>keysize<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1024</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">RSA Key Sizes &gt;= 4096 Bit</p>
<p>According to <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8301#section-3.2">RFC 8301</a>, keys are preferably between 1024 and 2048 bits. Keys of size 4096-bit or larger may not be compatible to all systems your mail is intended for.</p>
<p>You <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/issues/1854#issuecomment-806280929">should not need a key length beyond 2048-bit</a>. If 2048-bit does not meet your security needs, you may want to instead consider adopting key rotation or switching from RSA to ECC keys for DKIM.</p>
</div>
</details>
<details class="note">
<summary>You may need to specify mail domains explicitly</summary>
<p>Required when using LDAP and Rspamd.</p>
<p><code>setup config dkim</code> will generate DKIM keys for what is assumed as the primary mail domain (<em>derived from the FQDN assigned to DMS, minus any subdomain</em>).</p>
<p>When the DMS FQDN is <code>mail.example.com</code> or <code>example.com</code>, by default this command will generate DKIM keys for <code>example.com</code> as the primary domain for your users mail accounts (eg: <code>hello@example.com</code>).</p>
<p>The DKIM generation does not have support to query LDAP for additionanl mail domains it should know about. If the primary mail domain is not sufficient, then you must explicitly specify any extra domains via the <code>domain</code> option:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># ENABLE_OPENDKIM=1 (default):</span>
setup<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>dkim<span class="w"> </span>domain<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;example.com,another-example.com&#39;</span>
<span class="c1"># ENABLE_RSPAMD=1 + ENABLE_OPENDKIM=0:</span>
setup<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>dkim<span class="w"> </span>domain<span class="w"> </span>example.com
setup<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>dkim<span class="w"> </span>domain<span class="w"> </span>another-example.com
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">OpenDKIM with <code>ACCOUNT_PROVISIONER=FILE</code></p>
<p>When DMS uses this configuration, it will by default also detect mail domains (<em>from accounts added via <code>setup email add</code></em>), generating additional DKIM keys.</p>
</div>
</details>
<p>DKIM is currently supported by either OpenDKIM or Rspamd:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">OpenDKIM</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">Rspamd</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p>OpenDKIM is currently <a href="../../environment/#enable_opendkim">enabled by default</a>.</p>
<p>After running <code>setup config dkim</code>, your new DKIM key files (<em>and OpenDKIM config</em>) have been added to <code>/tmp/docker-mailserver/opendkim/</code>.</p>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Restart required</p>
<p>After restarting DMS, outgoing mail will now be signed with your new DKIM key(s) <img alt="🎉" class="twemoji" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@14.1.2/assets/svg/1f389.svg" title=":tada:" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p>Requires opt-in via <a href="../../environment/#enable_rspamd"><code>ENABLE_RSPAMD=1</code></a> (<em>and disable the default OpenDKIM: <code>ENABLE_OPENDKIM=0</code></em>).</p>
<p>Rspamd provides DKIM support through two separate modules:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://www.rspamd.com/doc/modules/dkim.html">Verifying DKIM signatures from inbound mail</a> is enabled by default.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.rspamd.com/doc/modules/dkim_signing.html">Signing outbound mail with your DKIM key</a> needs additional setup (key + dns + config).</li>
</ol>
<details class="warning">
<summary>Using Multiple Domains</summary>
<p>If you have multiple domains, you need to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Create a key wth <code>docker exec -it &lt;CONTAINER NAME&gt; setup config dkim domain &lt;DOMAIN&gt;</code> for each domain DMS should sign outgoing mail for.</li>
<li>Provide a custom <code>dkim_signing.conf</code> (for which an example is shown below), as the default config only supports one domain.</li>
</ul>
</details>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">About the Helper Script</p>
<p>The script will persist the keys in <code>/tmp/docker-mailserver/rspamd/dkim/</code>. Hence, if you are already using the default volume mounts, the keys are persisted in a volume. The script also restarts Rspamd directly, so changes take effect without restarting DMS.</p>
<p>The script provides you with log messages along the way of creating keys. In case you want to read the complete log, use <code>-v</code> (verbose) or <code>-vv</code> (very verbose).</p>
<hr />
<p>In case you have not already provided a default DKIM signing configuration, the script will create one and write it to <code>/etc/rspamd/override.d/dkim_signing.conf</code>. If this file already exists, it will not be overwritten.</p>
<p>When you're already using <a href="../../security/rspamd/#manually">the <code>rspamd/override.d/</code> directory</a>, the file is created inside your volume and therefore persisted correctly. If you are not using <code>rspamd/override.d/</code>, you will need to persist the file yourself (otherwise it is lost on container restart).</p>
<p>An example of what a default configuration file for DKIM signing looks like can be found by expanding the example below.</p>
</div>
<details class="example">
<summary>DKIM Signing Module Configuration Examples</summary>
<p>A simple configuration could look like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># documentation: https://rspamd.com/doc/modules/dkim_signing.html</span>
<span class="na">enabled</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">true</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="na">sign_authenticated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">true</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="na">sign_local</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">true</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="na">use_domain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;header&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="na">use_redis</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">false</span><span class="c1">; # don&#39;t change unless Redis also provides the DKIM keys</span>
<span class="na">use_esld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">true</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="na">check_pubkey</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">true</span><span class="c1">; # you want to use this in the beginning</span>
<span class="na">domain {</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">example.com {</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;/tmp/docker-mailserver/rspamd/dkim/mail.private&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">selector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;mail&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">}</span>
<span class="na">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>As shown next:</p>
<ul>
<li>You can add more domains into the <code>domain { ... }</code> section (in the following example: <code>example.com</code> and <code>example.org</code>).</li>
<li>A domain can also be configured with multiple selectors and keys within a <code>selectors [ ... ]</code> array (in the following example, this is done for <code>example.org</code>).</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="na">domain {</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">example.com {</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">/tmp/docker-mailserver/rspamd/example.com/ed25519.private&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">selector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;dkim-ed25519&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">example.org {</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">selectors [</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;/tmp/docker-mailserver/rspamd/dkim/example.org/rsa.private&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">selector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;dkim-rsa&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;/tmp/docker-mailserver/rspamd/dkim/example.org/ed25519.private&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">selector</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;dkim-ed25519&quot;</span><span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="na">}</span>
<span class="na">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</details>
<details class="warning">
<summary>Support for DKIM Keys using ED25519</summary>
<p>This modern elliptic curve is supported by Rspamd, but support by third-parties for <a href="https://serverfault.com/questions/1023674/is-ed25519-well-supported-for-the-dkim-validation/1074545#1074545">verifying Ed25519 DKIM signatures is unreliable</a>.</p>
<p>If you sign your mail with this key type, you should include RSA as a fallback, like shown in the above example.</p>
</details>
<details class="tip">
<summary>Let Rspamd Check Your Keys</summary>
<p>When <code>check_pubkey = true;</code> is set, Rspamd will query the DNS record for each DKIM selector, verifying each public key matches the private key configured.</p>
<p>If there is a mismatch, a warning will be emitted to the Rspamd log <code>/var/log/supervisor/rspamd.log</code>.</p>
</details>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="dkim-dns"><a class="toclink" href="#dkim-dns">DNS Record</a></h3>
<p>When mail signed with your DKIM key is sent from your mail server, the receiver needs to check a DNS <code>TXT</code> record to verify the DKIM signature is trustworthy.</p>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Configuring DNS - DKIM record</p>
<p>When you generated your key in the previous step, the DNS data was saved into a file <code>&lt;selector&gt;.txt</code> (default: <code>mail.txt</code>). Use this content to update your <a href="https://www.vultr.com/docs/introduction-to-vultr-dns/">DNS via Web Interface</a> or directly edit your <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_file">DNS Zone file</a>:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Web Interface</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">DNS Zone file</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p>Create a new record:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Field</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td><code>TXT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Name</td>
<td><code>&lt;selector&gt;._domainkey</code> (<em>default: <code>mail._domainkey</code></em>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TTL</td>
<td>Use the default (<em>otherwise <a href="https://www.digicert.com/faq/dns/what-is-ttl">3600 seconds is appropriate</a></em>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data</td>
<td>File content within <code>( ... )</code> (<em>formatted as advised below</em>)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>When using Rspamd, the helper script has already provided you with the contents (the "Data" field) of the DNS record you need to create - you can just copy-paste this text.</p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><code>&lt;selector&gt;.txt</code> is already formatted as a snippet for adding to your <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_file">DNS Zone file</a>.</p>
<p>Just copy/paste the file contents into your existing DNS zone. The <code>TXT</code> value has been split into separate strings every 255 characters for compatibility.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<details class="info">
<summary><code>&lt;selector&gt;.txt</code> - Formatting the <code>TXT</code> record value correctly</summary>
<p>This file was generated for use within a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_file">DNS zone file</a>. The file name uses the DKIM selector it was generated with (default DKIM selector is <code>mail</code>, which creates <code>mail.txt</code>_).</p>
<p>For your DNS setup, DKIM support needs to create a <code>TXT</code> record to store the public key for mail clients to use. <code>TXT</code> records with values that are longer than 255 characters need to be split into multiple parts. This is why the generated <code>&lt;selector&gt;.txt</code> file (<em>containing your public key for use with DKIM</em>) has multiple value parts wrapped within double-quotes between <code>(</code> and <code>)</code>.</p>
<p>A DNS web-interface may handle this separation internally instead, and <a href="https://serverfault.com/questions/763815/route-53-doesnt-allow-adding-dkim-keys-because-length-is-too-long">could expect the value provided all as a single line</a> instead of split. When that is required, you'll need to manually format the value as described below.</p>
<p>Your generated DNS record file (<code>&lt;selector&gt;.txt</code>) should look similar to this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>mail._domainkey IN TXT ( &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; &quot;
&quot;p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAqQMMqhb1S52Rg7VFS3EC6JQIMxNDdiBmOKZvY5fiVtD3Z+yd9ZV+V8e4IARVoMXWcJWSR6xkloitzfrRtJRwOYvmrcgugOalkmM0V4Gy/2aXeamuiBuUc4esDQEI3egmtAsHcVY1XCoYfs+9VqoHEq3vdr3UQ8zP/l+FP5UfcaJFCK/ZllqcO2P1GjIDVSHLdPpRHbMP/tU1a9mNZ&quot;
&quot;5QMZBJ/JuJK/s+2bp8gpxKn8rh1akSQjlynlV9NI+7J3CC7CUf3bGvoXIrb37C/lpJehS39KNtcGdaRufKauSfqx/7SxA0zyZC+r13f7ASbMaQFzm+/RRusTqozY/p/MsWx8QIDAQAB&quot;
) ;
</code></pre></div>
<p>Take the content between <code>( ... )</code>, and combine all the quote wrapped content and remove the double-quotes including the white-space between them. That is your <code>TXT</code> record value, the above example would become this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAqQMMqhb1S52Rg7VFS3EC6JQIMxNDdiBmOKZvY5fiVtD3Z+yd9ZV+V8e4IARVoMXWcJWSR6xkloitzfrRtJRwOYvmrcgugOalkmM0V4Gy/2aXeamuiBuUc4esDQEI3egmtAsHcVY1XCoYfs+9VqoHEq3vdr3UQ8zP/l+FP5UfcaJFCK/ZllqcO2P1GjIDVSHLdPpRHbMP/tU1a9mNZ5QMZBJ/JuJK/s+2bp8gpxKn8rh1akSQjlynlV9NI+7J3CC7CUf3bGvoXIrb37C/lpJehS39KNtcGdaRufKauSfqx/7SxA0zyZC+r13f7ASbMaQFzm+/RRusTqozY/p/MsWx8QIDAQAB
</code></pre></div>
<p>To test that your new DKIM record is correct, query it with the <code>dig</code> command. The <code>TXT</code> value response should be a single line split into multiple parts wrapped in double-quotes:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>dig<span class="w"> </span>+short<span class="w"> </span>TXT<span class="w"> </span>mail._domainkey.example.com
<span class="go">&quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAqQMMqhb1S52Rg7VFS3EC6JQIMxNDdiBmOKZvY5fiVtD3Z+yd9ZV+V8e4IARVoMXWcJWSR6xkloitzfrRtJRwOYvmrcgugOalkmM0V4Gy/2aXeamuiBuUc4esDQEI3egmtAsHcVY1XCoYfs+9VqoHEq3vdr3UQ8zP/l+FP5UfcaJFCK/ZllqcO2P1GjIDVSHLdPpRHbMP/tU1a9mNZ5QMZBJ/JuJK/s+2bp8gpxKn8rh1akSQjlynlV9NI+7J3CC7CUf3bGvoXIrb37C/lpJehS39&quot; &quot;KNtcGdaRufKauSfqx/7SxA0zyZC+r13f7ASbMaQFzm+/RRusTqozY/p/MsWx8QIDAQAB&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</details>
<h3 id="dkim-debug"><a class="toclink" href="#dkim-debug">Troubleshooting</a></h3>
<p><a href="https://mxtoolbox.com/dkim.aspx">MxToolbox has a DKIM Verifier</a> that you can use to check your DKIM DNS record(s).</p>
<p>When using Rspamd, we recommend you turn on <code>check_pubkey = true;</code> in <code>dkim_signing.conf</code>. Rspamd will then check whether your private key matches your public key, and you can check possible mismatches by looking at <code>/var/log/supervisor/rspamd.log</code>.</p>
<h2 id="dmarc"><a class="toclink" href="#dmarc">DMARC</a></h2>
<p>With DMS, DMARC is pre-configured out of the box. You may disable extra and excessive DMARC checks when using Rspamd via <code>ENABLE_OPENDMARC=0</code>.</p>
<p>The only thing you need to do in order to enable DMARC on a "DNS-level" is to add new <code>TXT</code>. In contrast to <a href="#dkim">DKIM</a>, DMARC DNS entries do not require any keys, but merely setting the <a href="https://github.com/internetstandards/toolbox-wiki/blob/master/DMARC-how-to.md#overview-of-dmarc-configuration-tags">configuration values</a>. You can either handcraft the entry by yourself or use one of available generators (like <a href="https://dmarcguide.globalcyberalliance.org">this one</a>).</p>
<p>Typically something like this should be good to start with:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>_dmarc.example.com. IN TXT &quot;v=DMARC1; p=none; sp=none; fo=0; adkim=r; aspf=r; pct=100; rf=afrf; ri=86400; rua=mailto:dmarc.report@example.com; ruf=mailto:dmarc.report@example.com&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<p>Or a bit more strict policies (<em>mind <code>p=quarantine</code> and <code>sp=quarantine</code></em>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>_dmarc.example.com. IN TXT &quot;v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; sp=quarantine; fo=0; adkim=r; aspf=r; pct=100; rf=afrf; ri=86400; rua=mailto:dmarc.report@example.com; ruf=mailto:dmarc.report@example.com&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<p>The DMARC status may not be displayed instantly due to delays in DNS (caches). Dmarcian has <a href="https://dmarcian.com/dmarc-tools/">a few tools</a> you can use to verify your DNS records.</p>
<h2 id="spf"><a class="toclink" href="#spf">SPF</a></h2>
<div class="admonition quote">
<p class="admonition-title">What is SPF</p>
<p>Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a simple email-validation system designed to detect email spoofing by providing a mechanism to allow receiving mail exchangers to check that incoming mail from a domain comes from a host authorized by that domain's administrators.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework">Source</a></p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Disabling <code>policyd-spf</code>?</p>
<p>As of now, <code>policyd-spf</code> cannot be disabled. This is WIP.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="adding-an-spf-record"><a class="toclink" href="#adding-an-spf-record">Adding an SPF Record</a></h3>
<p>To add a SPF record in your DNS, insert the following line in your DNS zone:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>example.com. IN TXT &quot;v=spf1 mx ~all&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<p>This enables the <em>Softfail</em> mode for SPF. You could first add this SPF record with a very low TTL. <em>SoftFail</em> is a good setting for getting started and testing, as it lets all email through, with spams tagged as such in the mailbox.</p>
<p>After verification, you <em>might</em> want to change your SPF record to <code>v=spf1 mx -all</code> so as to enforce the <em>HardFail</em> policy. See <a href="http://www.open-spf.org/SPF_Record_Syntax">http://www.open-spf.org/SPF_Record_Syntax</a> for more details about SPF policies.</p>
<p>In any case, increment the SPF record's TTL to its final value.</p>
<h3 id="backup-mx-secondary-mx-for-policyd-spf"><a class="toclink" href="#backup-mx-secondary-mx-for-policyd-spf">Backup MX &amp; Secondary MX for <code>policyd-spf</code></a></h3>
<p>For whitelisting an IP Address from the SPF test, you can create a config file (see <a href="https://www.linuxcertif.com/man/5/policyd-spf.conf"><code>policyd-spf.conf</code></a>) and mount that file into <code>/etc/postfix-policyd-spf-python/policyd-spf.conf</code>.</p>
<p><strong>Example:</strong> Create and edit a <code>policyd-spf.conf</code> file at <code>docker-data/dms/config/postfix-policyd-spf.conf</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="na">debugLevel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">1</span>
<span class="c1">#0(only errors)-4(complete data received)</span>
<span class="na">skip_addresses</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">127.0.0.0/8,::ffff:127.0.0.0/104,::1</span>
<span class="c1"># Preferably use IP-Addresses for whitelist lookups:</span>
<span class="na">Whitelist</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">192.168.0.0/31,192.168.1.0/30</span>
<span class="c1"># Domain_Whitelist = mx1.not-example.com,mx2.not-example.com</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Then add this line to <code>compose.yaml</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">./docker-data/dms/config/postfix-policyd-spf.conf:/etc/postfix-policyd-spf-python/policyd-spf.conf</span>
</code></pre></div>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
Back to top
</button>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
<p>&copy <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver"><em>Docker Mailserver Organization</em></a><br/><span>This project is licensed under the MIT license.</span></p>
</div>
Made with
<a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
Material for MkDocs
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div>
</div>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../../..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.top", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "content.action.edit", "content.action.view", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.dfff1995.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": {"provider": "mike"}}</script>
<script src="../../../assets/javascripts/bundle.78eede0e.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink