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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../.." class="md-nav__link">
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Home
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3">
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Configuration
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Configuration" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Configuration
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/setup.sh/" class="md-nav__link">
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Your Best Friend setup.sh
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/environment/" class="md-nav__link">
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Environment Variables
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_3" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_3" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_3">
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User Management
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="User Management" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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User Management
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/user-management/accounts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Accounts
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/user-management/aliases/" class="md-nav__link">
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Aliases
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_4" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_4" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_4">
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Best Practices
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Best Practices" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_4">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Best Practices
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/best-practices/dkim/" class="md-nav__link">
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DKIM
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/best-practices/dmarc/" class="md-nav__link">
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DMARC
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/best-practices/spf/" class="md-nav__link">
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SPF
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/best-practices/autodiscover/" class="md-nav__link">
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Auto-discovery
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_5" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_5" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_5">
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Security
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Security" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Security
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/security/understanding-the-ports/" class="md-nav__link">
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Understanding the Ports
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/security/ssl/" class="md-nav__link">
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SSL/TLS
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/security/fail2ban/" class="md-nav__link">
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Fail2Ban
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/security/mail_crypt/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail Encryption
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_6" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_6" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_6">
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Troubleshooting
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Troubleshooting" data-md-level="2">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Troubleshooting
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/troubleshooting/debugging/" class="md-nav__link">
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Debugging
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/pop3/" class="md-nav__link">
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Mail Delivery with POP3
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_8" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_8" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_8">
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Advanced Configuration
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Advanced Configuration" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Advanced Configuration
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/advanced/optional-config/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Optional Configuration
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_8_2" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_8_2" checked>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_8_2">
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Maintenance
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Maintenance" data-md-level="3">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_8_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Maintenance
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../config/advanced/maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Update and Cleanup
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_8_3" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_8_3" checked>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_8_3">
|
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Override the Default Configs
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Override the Default Configs" data-md-level="3">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_8_3">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Override the Default Configs
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/advanced/override-defaults/dovecot/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Dovecot
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/advanced/override-defaults/postfix/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Postfix
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</a>
|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Modifications via Script
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/advanced/auth-ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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LDAP Authentication
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/advanced/mail-sieve/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Email Filtering with Sieve
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../config/advanced/mail-fetchmail/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Email Gathering with Fetchmail
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_3_8_7" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_8_7" checked>
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_8_7">
|
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Email Forwarding
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Email Forwarding" data-md-level="3">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_8_7">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Email Forwarding
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Relay Hosts
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
AWS SES
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/full-text-search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Full-Text Search
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Kubernetes
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/ipv6/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
IPv6
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../config/advanced/podman/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Podman
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_4" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4">
|
|
Examples
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Examples" data-md-level="1">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Examples
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="__nav_4_1" data-md-state="indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_1" checked>
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_1">
|
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Tutorials
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Tutorials" data-md-level="2">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_1">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Tutorials
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Basic Installation
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../examples/tutorials/mailserver-behind-proxy/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Mail-Server behind a Proxy
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/edit/master/docs/content/contributing/coding-style.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
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<h1>Coding Style</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="bash-and-shell"><a class="toclink" href="#bash-and-shell">Bash and Shell</a></h2>
|
|
<p>When refactoring, writing or altering scripts, that is Shell and bash scripts, in any way, adhere to these rules:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li><strong>Adjust your style of coding to the style that is already present</strong>! Even if you do not like it, this is due to consistency. There was a lot of work involved in making all scripts consistent.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Use <code>shellcheck</code> to check your scripts</strong>! Your contributions are checked by GitHub Actions too, so you will need to do this. You can <strong>lint your work with <code>make lint</code></strong> to check against all targets.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Use the provided <code>.editorconfig</code></strong> file.</li>
|
|
<li>Use <code>/bin/bash</code> instead of <code>/bin/sh</code>. Adjust the style accordingly.</li>
|
|
<li><code>setup.sh</code> provides a good starting point to look for.</li>
|
|
<li>When appropriate, use the <code>set</code> builtin. We recommend <code>set -euEo pipefail</code> or <code>set -uE</code>.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h2 id="styling-rules"><a class="toclink" href="#styling-rules">Styling rules</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="if-else-statements"><a class="toclink" href="#if-else-statements">If-Else-Statements</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># when using braces, use double braces</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># remember you do not need "" when using [[ ]]</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <CONDITION1> <span class="o">]]</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">[[</span> -f <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">FILE</span><span class="si">}</span> <span class="o">]]</span>
|
|
<span class="k">then</span>
|
|
<CODE TO RUN>
|
|
<span class="c1"># when running commands, you don't need braces</span>
|
|
<span class="k">elif</span> <COMMAND TO RUN>
|
|
<CODE TO TUN>
|
|
<span class="k">else</span>
|
|
<CODE TO TUN>
|
|
<span class="k">fi</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># equality checks with numbers are done</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># with -eq/-ne/-lt/-ge, not != or ==</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">VAR</span><span class="si">}</span> -ne <span class="m">42</span> <span class="o">]]</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">SOME_VAR</span><span class="si">}</span> -eq <span class="m">6</span> <span class="o">]]</span>
|
|
<span class="k">then</span>
|
|
<CODE TO RUN>
|
|
<span class="k">fi</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="variables-braces"><a class="toclink" href="#variables-braces">Variables & Braces</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="admonition attention">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
|
|
<p>Variables are always uppercase. We always use braces.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>If you forgot this and want to change it later, you can use <a href="https://regex101.com/r/ikzJpF/7">this link</a>. The used regex is <code>\$([^{("\\'\/])([a-zA-Z0-9_]*)([^}\/ \t'"\n.\]:(=\\-]*)</code>, where you should in practice be able to replace all variable occurrences without braces with occurrences with braces.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># good</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">VAR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"good"</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">NEW</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">VAR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># bad -> CI will fail</span>
|
|
<span class="nv">var</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bad"</span>
|
|
<span class="nv">new</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$var</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="loops"><a class="toclink" href="#loops">Loops</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Like <code>if-else</code>, loops look like this</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">for</span> / <span class="k">while</span> <LOOP CONDITION>
|
|
<span class="k">do</span>
|
|
<CODE TO RUN>
|
|
<span class="k">done</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="functions"><a class="toclink" href="#functions">Functions</a></h3>
|
|
<p>It's always nice to see the use of functions as it also provides a clear structure. If scripts are small, this is unnecessary, but if they become larger, please consider using functions. When doing so, provide <code>function _main</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">function</span> _<name_underscored_and_lowercase>
|
|
<span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<CODE TO RUN>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># variables that can be local should be local</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">local</span> <LOCAL_VARIABLE_NAME>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="error-tracing"><a class="toclink" href="#error-tracing">Error Tracing</a></h3>
|
|
<p>A construct to trace error in your scripts looks like this. Remember: Remove <code>set -x</code> in the end. This is for debugging purposes only.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">set</span> -xeuEo pipefail
|
|
<span class="nb">trap</span> <span class="s1">'__log_err ${FUNCNAME[0]:-"?"} ${BASH_COMMAND:-"?"} ${LINENO:-"?"} ${?:-"?"}'</span> ERR
|
|
|
|
<span class="nv">SCRIPT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'name_of_this_script.sh'</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">function</span> __log_err
|
|
<span class="o">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s2">"\n--- \e[1m\e[31mUNCHECKED ERROR\e[0m\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n\n"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="s2">" - script = </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">SCRIPT</span><span class="k">:-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">0</span><span class="si">}}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="s2">" - function = </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">1</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> / </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">2</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="s2">" - line = </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">3</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="s2">" - exit code = </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">4</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="m">1</span>><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">2</span>
|
|
|
|
<CODE TO RUN AFTERWARDS>
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="comments-descriptiveness-an-example"><a class="toclink" href="#comments-descriptiveness-an-example">Comments, Descriptiveness & An Example</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Comments should only describe non-obvious matters. Comments should start lowercase when they aren't sentences. Make the code <strong>self-descriptive</strong> by using meaningful names! Make comments not longer than approximately 80 columns, then wrap the line.</p>
|
|
<p>A positive example, which is taken from <code>setup-stack.sh</code>, would be</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">function</span> _setup_postfix_aliases
|
|
<span class="o">{</span>
|
|
_notify <span class="s1">'task'</span> <span class="s1">'Setting up Postfix Aliases'</span>
|
|
|
|
: >/etc/postfix/virtual
|
|
: >/etc/postfix/regexp
|
|
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> -f /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf <span class="o">]]</span>
|
|
<span class="k">then</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># fixing old virtual user file</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> grep -q <span class="s2">",</span>$<span class="s2">"</span> /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf
|
|
<span class="k">then</span>
|
|
sed -i -e <span class="s2">"s/, /,/g"</span> -e <span class="s2">"s/,</span>$<span class="s2">//g"</span> /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf
|
|
<span class="k">fi</span>
|
|
|
|
cp -f /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf /etc/postfix/virtual
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># the `to` is important, don't delete it</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># shellcheck disable=SC2034</span>
|
|
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="nb">read</span> -r FROM TO
|
|
<span class="k">do</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Setting variables for better readability</span>
|
|
<span class="nv">UNAME</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">FROM</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d @ -f1<span class="k">)</span>
|
|
<span class="nv">DOMAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">FROM</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d @ -f2<span class="k">)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># if they are equal it means the line looks like: "user1 other@example.com"</span>
|
|
<span class="o">[[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">UNAME</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> !<span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DOMAIN</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]]</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DOMAIN</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> >> /tmp/vhost.tmp
|
|
<span class="k">done</span> < <<span class="o">(</span>grep -v <span class="s2">"^\s*</span>$<span class="s2">\|^\s*\#"</span> /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="o">)</span>
|
|
<span class="k">else</span>
|
|
_notify <span class="s1">'inf'</span> <span class="s2">"Warning '/tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf' is not provided. No mail alias/forward created."</span>
|
|
<span class="k">fi</span>
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
<span class="o">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="yaml"><a class="toclink" href="#yaml">YAML</a></h2>
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<p>When formatting YAML files, use <a href="https://prettier.io">Prettier</a>, an opinionated formatter. There are many plugins for IDEs around.</p>
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