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<h1>Fail2Ban</h1>
<p>Fail2Ban is installed automatically and bans IP addresses for 3 hours after 3 failed attempts in 10 minutes by default.</p>
<h2 id="configuration-files"><a class="toclink" href="#configuration-files">Configuration files</a></h2>
<p>If you want to change this, you can easily edit our github example file: <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/config/fail2ban-jail.cf"><code>config/fail2ban-jail.cf</code></a>.</p>
<p>You can do the same with the values from <code>fail2ban.conf</code>, e.g <code>dbpurgeage</code>. In that case you need to edit: <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/config/fail2ban-fail2ban.cf"><code>config/fail2ban-fail2ban.cf</code></a>.</p>
<p>The configuration files need to be located at the root of the <code>/tmp/docker-mailserver/</code> volume bind (usually <code>./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/</code>).</p>
<p>This following configuration files from <code>/tmp/docker-mailserver/</code> will be copied during container startup.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>fail2ban-jail.cf</code> -&gt; <code>/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/user-jail.local</code></li>
<li><code>fail2ban-fail2ban.cf</code> -&gt; <code>/etc/fail2ban/fail2ban.local</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="docker-compose-config"><a class="toclink" href="#docker-compose-config">Docker-compose config</a></h3>
<p>Example configuration volume bind:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code> <span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">./docker-data/dms/config/:/tmp/docker-mailserver/</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition attention">
<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
<p><code>docker-mailserver</code> must be launched with the <code>NET_ADMIN</code> capability in order to be able to install the iptable rules that actually ban IP addresses.</p>
<p>Thus either include <code>--cap-add=NET_ADMIN</code> in the <code>docker run</code> command, or the equivalent in <code>docker-compose.yml</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">cap_add</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">NET_ADMIN</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you don't you will see errors the form of:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">iptables -w -X f2b-postfix -- stderr: &quot;getsockopt failed strangely: Operation not permitted\niptables v1.4.21: can&#39;t initialize iptabl</span>
<span class="go">es table `filter&#39;: Permission denied (you must be root)\nPerhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.\niptables v1.4.21: can&#39;</span>
<span class="go">t initialize iptables table `filter&#39;: Permission denied (you must be root)\nPerhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.\n&quot;</span>
<span class="go">2016-06-01 00:53:51,284 fail2ban.action [678]: ERROR iptables -w -D INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports smtp,465,submission -</span>
<span class="go">j f2b-postfix</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container"><a class="toclink" href="#running-fail2ban-in-a-rootless-container">Running fail2ban in a rootless container</a></h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit"><code>RootlessKit</code></a> is the <em>fakeroot</em> implementation for supporting <em>rootless mode</em> in Docker and Podman. By default RootlessKit uses the <a href="https://github.com/rootless-containers/rootlesskit/blob/v0.14.5/docs/port.md#port-drivers"><code>builtin</code> port forwarding driver</a>, which does not propagate source IP addresses.</p>
<p>It is necessary for <code>fail2ban</code> to have access to the real source IP addresses in order to correctly identify clients. This is achieved by changing the port forwarding driver to <a href="https://github.com/rootless-containers/slirp4netns"><code>slirp4netns</code></a>, which is slower than <code>builtin</code> but does preserve the real source IPs.</p>
<h3 id="docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver"><a class="toclink" href="#docker-with-slirp4netns-port-driver">Docker with <code>slirp4netns</code> port driver</a></h3>
<p>For <a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless">rootless mode</a> in Docker, create <code>~/.config/systemd/user/docker.service.d/override.conf</code> with the following content:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>[Service]
Environment=&quot;DOCKERD_ROOTLESS_ROOTLESSKIT_PORT_DRIVER=slirp4netns&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<p>And then restart the daemon:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>systemctl --user daemon-reload
<span class="gp">$ </span>systemctl --user restart docker
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This changes the port driver for all rootless containers managed by Docker.</p>
<p>Per container configuration is not supported, if you need that consider Podman instead.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver"><a class="toclink" href="#podman-with-slirp4netns-port-driver">Podman with <code>slirp4netns</code> port driver</a></h3>
<p>[Rootless Podman][rootless::podman] requires adding the value <code>slirp4netns:port_handler=slirp4netns</code> to the <code>--network</code> CLI option, or <code>network_mode</code> setting in your <code>docker-compose.yml</code>.</p>
<p>You must also add the ENV <code>NETWORK_INTERFACE=tap0</code>, because Podman uses a [hard-coded interface name][rootless::podman::interface] for <code>slirp4netns</code>.</p>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">services</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nt">mailserver</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nt">network_mode</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;slirp4netns:port_handler=slirp4netns&quot;</span>
<span class="nt">environment</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ENABLE_FAIL2BAN=1</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">NETWORK_INTERFACE=tap0</span>
<span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">...</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><code>slirp4netns</code> is not compatible with user-defined networks.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="manage-bans"><a class="toclink" href="#manage-bans">Manage bans</a></h2>
<p>You can also manage and list the banned IPs with the <a href="../../setup.sh/"><code>setup.sh</code></a> script.</p>
<h3 id="list-bans"><a class="toclink" href="#list-bans">List bans</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>./setup.sh debug fail2ban
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="un-ban"><a class="toclink" href="#un-ban">Un-ban</a></h3>
<p>Here <code>192.168.1.15</code> is our banned IP.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>./setup.sh debug fail2ban unban <span class="m">192</span>.168.1.15
</code></pre></div>
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