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DMARC
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Understanding the Ports
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<a href="../../setup.sh/" class="md-nav__link">
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Your Friend setup.sh
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Optional Configuration
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Maintenance
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Update and Cleanup
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Override the Default Configs
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Override the Default Configs
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Dovecot
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<a href="../override-defaults/user-patches/" class="md-nav__link">
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Modifications via Script
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<a href="../auth-ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
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LDAP Authentication
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Email Filtering with Sieve
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../mail-fetchmail/" class="md-nav__link">
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Email Gathering with Fetchmail
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_7" id="__nav_4_8_7_label" tabindex="0">
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Email Forwarding
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Email Forwarding
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Relay Hosts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class="md-nav__link">
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AWS SES
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../full-text-search/" class="md-nav__link">
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Full-Text Search
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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Kubernetes
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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Kubernetes
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#introduction" class="md-nav__link">
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Introduction
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#manifests" class="md-nav__link">
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Manifests
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Manifests">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#configuration" class="md-nav__link">
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Configuration
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#persistence" class="md-nav__link">
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Persistence
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#service" class="md-nav__link">
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Service
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#deployments" class="md-nav__link">
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Deployments
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#certificates-an-example" class="md-nav__link">
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Certificates - An Example
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#sensitive-data" class="md-nav__link">
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Sensitive Data
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#exposing-your-mail-server-to-the-outside-world" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Exposing your Mail-Server to the Outside World
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Exposing your Mail-Server to the Outside World">
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#external-ips-service" class="md-nav__link">
|
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External IPs Service
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#proxy-port-to-service" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Proxy port to Service
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Bind to concrete Node and use host network
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol" class="md-nav__link">
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Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol">
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#configure-your-ingress" class="md-nav__link">
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Configure your Ingress
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#configure-the-mailserver" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Configure the Mailserver
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../ipv6/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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IPv6
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../podman/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Podman
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../dovecot-master-accounts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Dovecot Master Accounts
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
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Examples
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Examples
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_1" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_1" id="__nav_5_1_label" tabindex="0">
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Tutorials
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Tutorials
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Basic Installation
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/mailserver-behind-proxy/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Mailserver behind Proxy
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/docker-build/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Building your own Docker image
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../examples/tutorials/blog-posts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Blog Posts
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_2" id="__nav_5_2_label" tabindex="0">
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Use Cases
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Use Cases
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../examples/use-cases/forward-only-mailserver-with-ldap-authentication/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Forward-Only Mail-Server with LDAP
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../examples/use-cases/imap-folders/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Customize IMAP Folders
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../faq/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
FAQ
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
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Contributing
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Contributing
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../contributing/general/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
General Information
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../contributing/tests/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Tests
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../../../contributing/issues-and-pull-requests/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Issues and Pull Requests
|
|
</a>
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|
</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/mailserver/docker-mailserver/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
DockerHub
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pkgs/container/docker-mailserver" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
GHCR
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Table of contents
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#introduction" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Introduction
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#manifests" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Manifests
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Manifests">
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#configuration" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Configuration
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#persistence" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Persistence
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#service" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Service
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#deployments" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Deployments
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#certificates-an-example" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Certificates - An Example
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#sensitive-data" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Sensitive Data
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#exposing-your-mail-server-to-the-outside-world" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Exposing your Mail-Server to the Outside World
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Exposing your Mail-Server to the Outside World">
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#external-ips-service" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
External IPs Service
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#proxy-port-to-service" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Proxy port to Service
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Bind to concrete Node and use host network
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol">
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#configure-your-ingress" class="md-nav__link">
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Configure your Ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#configure-the-mailserver" class="md-nav__link">
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Configure the Mailserver
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<h1>Kubernetes</h1>
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|
|
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<h2 id="introduction"><a class="toclink" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
|
|
<p>This article describes how to deploy <code>docker-mailserver</code> to Kubernetes. Please note that there is also a <a href="https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver-helm">Helm chart</a> available.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition attention">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Requirements</p>
|
|
<p>We assume basic knowledge about Kubernetes from the reader. Moreover, we assume the reader to have a basic understanding of mail servers. Ideally, the reader has deployed <code>docker-mailserver</code> before in an easier setup with Docker (Compose).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition warning">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">About Support for Kubernetes</p>
|
|
<p>Please note that Kubernetes <strong>is not</strong> officially supported and we do not build images specifically designed for it. When opening an issue, please remember that only Docker & Docker Compose are officially supported.</p>
|
|
<p>This content is entirely community-supported. If you find errors, please open an issue and provide a PR.</p>
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|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="manifests"><a class="toclink" href="#manifests">Manifests</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="configuration"><a class="toclink" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h3>
|
|
<p>We want to provide the basic configuration in the form of environment variables with a <code>ConfigMap</code>. Note that this is just an example configuration; tune the <code>ConfigMap</code> to your needs.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ConfigMap</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver.environment</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">immutable</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">TLS_LEVEL</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">modern</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">POSTSCREEN_ACTION</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">drop</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">OVERRIDE_HOSTNAME</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mail.example.com</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">FAIL2BAN_BLOCKTYPE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">drop</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">POSTMASTER_ADDRESS</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">postmaster@example.com</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">UPDATE_CHECK_INTERVAL</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">10d</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">POSTFIX_INET_PROTOCOLS</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ipv4</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ONE_DIR</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ENABLE_CLAMAV</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ENABLE_POSTGREY</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'0'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ENABLE_FAIL2BAN</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">AMAVIS_LOGLEVEL</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'-1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">SPOOF_PROTECTION</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">MOVE_SPAM_TO_JUNK</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ENABLE_UPDATE_CHECK</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ENABLE_SPAMASSASSIN</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">SUPERVISOR_LOGLEVEL</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">warn</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">SPAMASSASSIN_SPAM_TO_INBOX</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'1'</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># here, we provide an example for the SSL configuration</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">SSL_TYPE</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">manual</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">SSL_CERT_PATH</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/secrets/ssl/rsa/tls.crt</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">SSL_KEY_PATH</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/secrets/ssl/rsa/tls.key</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>We can also make use of user-provided configuration files, e.g. <code>user-patches.sh</code>, <code>postfix-accounts.cf</code> and more, to adjust <code>docker-mailserver</code> to our likings. We encourage you to have a look at <a href="https://kustomize.io/">Kustomize</a> for creating <code>ConfigMap</code>s from multiple files, but for now, we will provide a simple, hand-written example. This example is absolutely minimal and only goes to show what can be done.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ConfigMap</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver.files</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">postfix-accounts.cf</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">|</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">test@example.com|{SHA512-CRYPT}$6$someHashValueHere</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">other@example.com|{SHA512-CRYPT}$6$someOtherHashValueHere</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="admonition attention">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Static Configuration</p>
|
|
<p>With the configuration shown above, you can <strong>not</strong> dynamically add accounts as the configuration file mounted into the mail server can not be written to.</p>
|
|
<p>Use persistent volumes for production deployments.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3 id="persistence"><a class="toclink" href="#persistence">Persistence</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Thereafter, we need persistence for our data. Make sure you have a storage provisioner and that you choose the correct <code>storageClassName</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">PersistentVolumeClaim</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">storageClassName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">local-path</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">accessModes</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ReadWriteOnce</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">resources</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">requests</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">storage</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">25Gi</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="service"><a class="toclink" href="#service">Service</a></h3>
|
|
<p>A <code>Service</code> is required for getting the traffic to the pod itself. The service is somewhat crucial. Its configuration determines whether the original IP from the sender will be kept. <a href="#exposing-your-mail-server-to-the-outside-world">More about this further down below</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>The configuration you're seeing does keep the original IP, but you will not be able to scale this way. We have chosen to go this route in this case because we think most Kubernetes users will only want to have one instance.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Service</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">LoadBalancer</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Transfer</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">transfer</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">port</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">25</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">targetPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">transfer</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ESMTP with implicit TLS</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">esmtp-implicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">port</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">465</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">targetPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">esmtp-implicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ESMTP with explicit TLS (STARTTLS)</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">esmtp-explicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">port</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">587</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">targetPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">esmtp-explicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># IMAPS with implicit TLS</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">imap-implicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">port</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">993</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">targetPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">imap-implicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="deployments"><a class="toclink" href="#deployments">Deployments</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Last but not least, the <code>Deployment</code> becomes the most complex component. It instructs Kubernetes how to run the <code>docker-mailserver</code> container and how to apply your <code>ConfigMaps</code>, persisted storage, etc. Additionally, we can set options to enforce runtime security here.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apps/v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Deployment</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ignore-check.kube-linter.io/run-as-non-root</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">>-</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">'mailserver' needs to run as root</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ignore-check.kube-linter.io/privileged-ports</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">>-</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">'mailserver' needs privilegdes ports</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ignore-check.kube-linter.io/no-read-only-root-fs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">>-</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">There are too many files written to make The</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">root FS read-only</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">replicas</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">matchLabels</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/mailserver</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">runtime/default</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hostname</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mail</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ghcr.io/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">imagePullPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">IfNotPresent</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">securityContext</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">allowPrivilegeEscalation</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnlyRootFilesystem</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">runAsUser</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">0</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">runAsGroup</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">0</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">runAsNonRoot</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">privileged</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">capabilities</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">add</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># file permission capabilities</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CHOWN</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">FOWNER</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">MKNOD</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SETGID</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SETUID</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">DAC_OVERRIDE</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># network capabilities</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">NET_ADMIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># needed for F2B</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">NET_RAW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># needed for F2B</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">NET_BIND_SERVICE</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># miscellaneous capabilities</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SYS_CHROOT</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">KILL</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">drop</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">ALL</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">seccompProfile</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RuntimeDefault</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># You want to tune this to your needs. If you disable ClamAV,</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># you can use less RAM and CPU. This becomes important in</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># case you're low on resources and Kubernetes refuses to</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># schedule new pods.</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">resources</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">limits</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">memory</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">4Gi</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">cpu</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1500m</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">requests</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">memory</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">2Gi</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">cpu</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">600m</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">files</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">postfix-accounts.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-accounts.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># PVCs</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/var/mail</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/var/mail-state</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">state</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/var/log/mail</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">log</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># certificates</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">certificates-rsa</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/secrets/ssl/rsa/</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># other</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tmp-files</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/tmp</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">transfer</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">25</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">esmtp-implicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">465</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">esmtp-explicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">587</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">imap-implicit</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">993</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">envFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">configMapRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver.environment</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">restartPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Always</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># configuration files</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">files</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver.files</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># PVCs</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">persistentVolumeClaim</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">claimName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">data</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># certificates</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">certificates-rsa</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secret</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mail-tls-certificate-rsa</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">items</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tls.key</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tls.key</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tls.crt</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tls.crt</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># other</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tmp-files</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">emptyDir</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="certificates-an-example"><a class="toclink" href="#certificates-an-example">Certificates - An Example</a></h3>
|
|
<p>In this example, we use <a href="https://cert-manager.io/docs/"><code>cert-manager</code></a> to supply RSA certificates. You can also supply RSA certificates as fallback certificates, which <code>docker-mailserver</code> supports out of the box with <code>SSL_ALT_CERT_PATH</code> and <code>SSL_ALT_KEY_PATH</code>, and provide ECDSA as the proper certificates.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cert-manager.io/v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Certificate</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mail-tls-certificate-rsa</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mail-tls-certificate-rsa</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">isCA</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">privateKey</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">algorithm</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RSA</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">encoding</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">PKCS1</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">2048</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">dnsNames</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">mail.example.com</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">issuerRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mail-issuer</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Issuer</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="admonition attention">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Attention</p>
|
|
<p>You will need to have <a href="https://cert-manager.io/docs/"><code>cert-manager</code></a> configured. Especially the issue will need to be configured. Since we do not know how you want or need your certificates to be supplied, we do not provide more configuration here. The documentation for <a href="https://cert-manager.io/docs/"><code>cert-manager</code></a> is excellent.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3 id="sensitive-data"><a class="toclink" href="#sensitive-data">Sensitive Data</a></h3>
|
|
<div class="admonition attention">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Sensitive Data</p>
|
|
<p>For storing OpenDKIM keys, TLS certificates or any sort of sensitive data, you should be using <code>Secret</code>s. You can mount secrets like <code>ConfigMap</code>s and use them the same way.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>The <a href="../../security/ssl/">TLS docs page</a> provides guidance when it comes to certificates and transport layer security. Always provide sensitive information vai <code>Secrets</code>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="exposing-your-mail-server-to-the-outside-world"><a class="toclink" href="#exposing-your-mail-server-to-the-outside-world">Exposing your Mail-Server to the Outside World</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The more difficult part with Kubernetes is to expose a deployed <code>docker-mailserver</code> to the outside world. Kubernetes provides multiple ways for doing that; each has downsides and complexity. The major problem with exposing <code>docker-mailserver</code> to outside world in Kubernetes is to <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip">preserve the real client IP</a>. The real client IP is required by <code>docker-mailserver</code> for performing IP-based SPF checks and spam checks. If you do not require SPF checks for incoming mails, you may disable them in your <a href="../override-defaults/postfix/">Postfix configuration</a> by dropping the line that states: <code>check_policy_service unix:private/policyd-spf</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>The easiest approach was covered above, using <code class="highlight"><span class="nt">externalTrafficPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Local</span></code>, which disables the service proxy, but makes the service local as well (which does not scale). This approach only works when you are given the correct (that is, a public and routable) IP address by a load balancer (like MetalLB). In this sense, the approach above is similar to the next example below. We want to provide you with a few alternatives too. <strong>But</strong> we also want to communicate the idea of another simple method: you could use a load-balancer without an external IP and DNAT the network traffic to the mail-server. After all, this does not interfere with SPF checks because it keeps the origin IP address. If no dedicated external IP address is available, you could try the latter approach, if one is available, use the former.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="external-ips-service"><a class="toclink" href="#external-ips-service">External IPs Service</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The simplest way is to expose <code>docker-mailserver</code> as a <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service">Service</a> with <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#external-ips">external IPs</a>. This is very similar to the approach taken above. Here, an external IP is given to the service directly by you. With the approach above, you tell your load-balancer to do this.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Service</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">smtp</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">port</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">25</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">targetPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">smtp</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">externalIPs</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">80.11.12.10</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This approach</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>does not preserve the real client IP, so SPF check of incoming mail will fail.</li>
|
|
<li>requires you to specify the exposed IPs explicitly.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="proxy-port-to-service"><a class="toclink" href="#proxy-port-to-service">Proxy port to Service</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/for-demos/proxy-to-service">proxy pod</a> helps to avoid the necessity of specifying external IPs explicitly. This comes at the cost of complexity; you must deploy a proxy pod on each <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes">Node</a> you want to expose <code>docker-mailserver</code> on.</p>
|
|
<p>This approach</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>does not preserve the real client IP, so SPF check of incoming mail will fail.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network"><a class="toclink" href="#bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network">Bind to concrete Node and use host network</a></h3>
|
|
<p>One way to preserve the real client IP is to use <code>hostPort</code> and <code>hostNetwork: true</code>. This comes at the cost of availability; you can reach <code>docker-mailserver</code> from the outside world only via IPs of <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes">Node</a> where <code>docker-mailserver</code> is deployed.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">extensions/v1beta1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Deployment</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># ...</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hostNetwork</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">smtp</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">25</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hostPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">25</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">smtp-auth</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">587</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hostPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">587</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">imap-secure</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">993</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">hostPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">993</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>With this approach,</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>it is not possible to access <code>docker-mailserver</code> via other cluster Nodes, only via the Node <code>docker-mailserver</code> was deployed at.</li>
|
|
<li>every Port within the Container is exposed on the Host side.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol"><a class="toclink" href="#proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol">Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol</a></h3>
|
|
<p>This way is ideologically the same as <a href="#proxy-port-to-service">using a proxy pod</a>, but instead of a separate proxy pod, you configure your ingress to proxy TCP traffic to the <code>docker-mailserver</code> pod using the PROXY protocol, which preserves the real client IP.</p>
|
|
<h4 id="configure-your-ingress"><a class="toclink" href="#configure-your-ingress">Configure your Ingress</a></h4>
|
|
<p>With an <a href="https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx">NGINX ingress controller</a>, set <code>externalTrafficPolicy: Local</code> for its service, and add the following to the TCP services config map (as described <a href="https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/exposing-tcp-udp-services">here</a>):</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">25</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"mailserver/mailserver:25::PROXY"</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">465</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"mailserver/mailserver:465::PROXY"</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">587</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"mailserver/mailserver:587::PROXY"</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">993</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"mailserver/mailserver:993::PROXY"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="admonition help">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">HAProxy</p>
|
|
<p>With <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/haproxy">HAProxy</a>, the configuration should look similar to the above. If you know what it actually looks like, add an example here. <img alt="😃" class="twemoji" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twemoji/14.0.2/svg/1f603.svg" title=":smiley:" /></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h4 id="configure-the-mailserver"><a class="toclink" href="#configure-the-mailserver">Configure the Mailserver</a></h4>
|
|
<p>Then, configure both <a href="../override-defaults/postfix/">Postfix</a> and <a href="../override-defaults/dovecot/">Dovecot</a> to expect the PROXY protocol:</p>
|
|
<details class="example">
|
|
<summary>HAProxy Example</summary>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ConfigMap</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver.config</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">postfix-main.cf</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">|</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol = haproxy</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">postfix-master.cf</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">|</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">smtp/inet/postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol=haproxy</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">submission/inet/smtpd_upstream_proxy_protocol=haproxy</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">smtps/inet/smtpd_upstream_proxy_protocol=haproxy</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">dovecot.cf</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">|</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no"># Assuming your ingress controller is bound to 10.0.0.0/8</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">haproxy_trusted_networks = 10.0.0.0/8, 127.0.0.0/8</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">service imap-login {</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">inet_listener imap {</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">haproxy = yes</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">}</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">inet_listener imaps {</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">haproxy = yes</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">}</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="no">}</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># ...</span>
|
|
<span class="nn">---</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Deployment</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">extensions/v1beta1</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">docker-mailserver</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">config</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">postfix-main.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-main.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">config</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">postfix-master.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-master.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">config</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dovecot.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/tmp/docker-mailserver/dovecot.cf</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</details>
|
|
<p>With this approach,</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>it is not possible to access <code>docker-mailserver</code> via cluster-DNS, as the PROXY protocol is required for incoming connections.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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