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<h1>Podman</h1>
<h2 id="introduction"><a class="toclink" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>Podman is a daemonless container engine for developing, managing, and running OCI Containers on your Linux System.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">About Support for Podman</p>
<p>Please note that Podman <strong>is not</strong> officially supported as <code>docker-mailserver</code> is built and verified on top of the <em>Docker Engine</em>. This content is entirely community supported. If you find errors, please open an issue and provide a PR.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">About this Guide</p>
<p>This guide was tested with Fedora 34 using <code>systemd</code> and <code>firewalld</code>. Moreover, it requires Podman version &gt;= 3.2. You may be able to substitute <code>dnf</code> - Fedora's package maneger - with others such as <code>apt</code>.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="installation-in-rootfull-mode"><a class="toclink" href="#installation-in-rootfull-mode">Installation in Rootfull Mode</a></h2>
<p>While using Podman, you can just manage docker-mailserver as what you did with Docker. Your best friend <code>setup.sh</code> includes the minimum code in order to support Podman since it's 100% compatible with the Docker CLI.</p>
<p>The installation is basically the same. Podman v3.2 introduced a RESTful API that is 100% compatible with the Docker API, so you can use docker-compose with Podman easily. Install Podman and docker-compose with your package manager first.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>sudo dnf install podman docker-compose
</code></pre></div>
<p>Then enable <code>podman.socket</code> using <code>systemctl</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>systemctl <span class="nb">enable</span> --now podman.socket
</code></pre></div>
<p>This will create a unix socket locate under <code>/run/podman/podman.sock</code>, which is the entrypoint of Podman's API. Now, configure docker-mailserver and start it.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_HOST</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;unix:/run/podman/podman.sock&quot;</span>
docker-compose up -d mailserver
docker-compose ps
</code></pre></div>
<p>You should see that docker-mailserver is running now.</p>
<h3 id="self-start-in-rootfull-mode"><a class="toclink" href="#self-start-in-rootfull-mode">Self-start in Rootfull Mode</a></h3>
<p>Podman is daemonless, that means if you want docker-mailserver self-start while boot up the system, you have to generate a systemd file with Podman CLI.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>podman generate systemd mailserver &gt; /etc/systemd/system/mailserver.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl <span class="nb">enable</span> --now mailserver.service
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="installation-in-rootless-mode"><a class="toclink" href="#installation-in-rootless-mode">Installation in Rootless Mode</a></h2>
<p>Running rootless containers is one of Podman's major features. But due to some restrictions, deploying docker-mailserver in rootless mode is not as easy compared to rootfull mode.</p>
<ul>
<li>a rootless container is running in a user namespace so you cannot bind ports lower than 1024</li>
<li>a rootless container's systemd file can only be placed in folder under <code>~/.config</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Also notice that Podman's rootless mode is not about running as a non-root user inside the container, but about the mapping of (normal, non-root) host users to root inside the container.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>In order to make rootless <code>docker-mailserver</code> work we must modify some settings in the Linux system, it requires some basic linux server knowledge so don't follow this guide if you not sure what this guide is talking about. Podman rootfull mode and Docker are still good and security enough for normal daily usage.</p>
</div>
<p>First, enable <code>podman.socket</code> in systemd's userspace with a non-root user.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>systemctl <span class="nb">enable</span> --now --user podman.socket
</code></pre></div>
<p>The socket file should be located at <code>/var/run/user/$(id -u)/podman/podman.sock</code>. Then, modify <code>docker-compose.yml</code> to make sure all ports are bindings are on non-privileged ports.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">services</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nt">mailserver</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="s">&quot;10025:25&quot;</span> <span class="c1"># SMTP (explicit TLS =&gt; STARTTLS)</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="s">&quot;10143:143&quot;</span> <span class="c1"># IMAP4 (explicit TLS =&gt; STARTTLS)</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="s">&quot;10465:465&quot;</span> <span class="c1"># ESMTP (implicit TLS)</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="s">&quot;10587:587&quot;</span> <span class="c1"># ESMTP (explicit TLS =&gt; STARTTLS)</span>
<span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="s">&quot;10993:993&quot;</span> <span class="c1"># IMAP4 (implicit TLS)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Then, setup your <code>mailserver.env</code> file follow the documentation and use docker-compose to start the container.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_HOST</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;unix:/var/run/user/1000/podman/podman.sock&quot;</span>
docker-compose up -d mailserver
docker-compose ps
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="self-start-in-rootless-mode"><a class="toclink" href="#self-start-in-rootless-mode">Self-start in Rootless Mode</a></h3>
<p>Generate a systemd file with the Podman CLI.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>podman generate systemd mailserver &gt; ~/.config/systemd/user/mailserver.service
systemctl --user daemon-reload
systemctl <span class="nb">enable</span> --user --now mailserver.service
</code></pre></div>
<p>Systemd's user space service is only started when a specific user logs in and stops when you log out. In order to make it to start with the system, we need to enable linger with <code>loginctl</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>loginctl enable-linger &lt;username&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<p>Remember to run this command as root user.</p>
<h3 id="port-forwarding"><a class="toclink" href="#port-forwarding">Port Forwarding</a></h3>
<p>When it comes to forwarding ports using <code>firewalld</code>, see <a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/securing_networks/using-and-configuring-firewalld_securing-networks#port-forwarding_using-and-configuring-firewalld">https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/securing_networks/using-and-configuring-firewalld_securing-networks#port-forwarding_using-and-configuring-firewalld</a> for more infomation.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>firewall-cmd --permanent --add-forward-port<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">port</span><span class="o">=</span>&lt;<span class="m">25</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">143</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">465</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">587</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">993</span>&gt;:proto<span class="o">=</span>&lt;tcp&gt;:toport<span class="o">=</span>&lt;<span class="m">10025</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10143</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10465</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10587</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10993</span>&gt;
...
<span class="c1"># After you set all ports up.</span>
firewall-cmd --reload
</code></pre></div>
<p>Notice that this will only open the access to the external client. If you want to access privileges port in your server, do this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>firewall-cmd --permanent --direct --add-rule &lt;ipv4<span class="p">|</span>ipv6&gt; nat OUTPUT <span class="m">0</span> -p &lt;tcp<span class="p">|</span>udp&gt; -o lo --dport &lt;<span class="m">25</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">143</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">465</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">587</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">993</span>&gt; -j REDIRECT --to-ports &lt;<span class="m">10025</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10143</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10465</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10587</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="m">10993</span>&gt;
...
<span class="c1"># After you set all ports up.</span>
firewall-cmd --reload
</code></pre></div>
<p>Just map all the privilege port with non-privilege port you set in docker-compose.yml before as root user.</p>
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