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Advanced | Email Filtering with Sieve
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GHCR
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Optional Configuration
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Override the Default Configs
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Override the Default Configs
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Dovecot
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Postfix
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../override-defaults/user-patches/" class="md-nav__link">
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Modifications via Script
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../auth-ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
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LDAP Authentication
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
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Email Filtering with Sieve
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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Email Filtering with Sieve
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#user-defined-sieve-filters" class="md-nav__link">
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User-Defined Sieve Filters
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#automatic-sorting-based-on-subaddresses" class="md-nav__link">
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Automatic Sorting Based on Subaddresses
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#manage-sieve" class="md-nav__link">
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Manage Sieve
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../mail-fetchmail/" class="md-nav__link">
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Email Gathering with Fetchmail
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_8_7" id="__nav_4_8_7_label" tabindex="0">
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Email Forwarding
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Email Forwarding
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class="md-nav__link">
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Relay Hosts
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class="md-nav__link">
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AWS SES
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</a>
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</li>
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<h1>Email Filtering with Sieve</h1>
|
|
|
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<h2 id="user-defined-sieve-filters"><a class="toclink" href="#user-defined-sieve-filters">User-Defined Sieve Filters</a></h2>
|
|
<p><a href="http://sieve.info/">Sieve</a> allows to specify filtering rules for incoming emails that allow for example sorting mails into different folders depending on the title of an email.
|
|
There are global and user specific filters which are filtering the incoming emails in the following order:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Global-before -> User specific -> Global-after</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Global filters are applied to EVERY incoming mail for EVERY email address.
|
|
To specify a global Sieve filter provide a <code>docker-data/dms/config/before.dovecot.sieve</code> or a <code>docker-data/dms/config/after.dovecot.sieve</code> file with your filter rules.
|
|
If any filter in this filtering chain discards an incoming mail, the delivery process will stop as well and the mail will not reach any following filters(e.g. global-before stops an incoming spam mail: The mail will get discarded and a user-specific filter won't get applied.)</p>
|
|
<p>To specify a user-defined Sieve filter place a <code>.dovecot.sieve</code> file into a virtual user's mail folder e.g. <code>/var/mail/example.com/user1/.dovecot.sieve</code>. If this file exists dovecot will apply the filtering rules.</p>
|
|
<p>It's even possible to install a user provided Sieve filter at startup during users setup: simply include a Sieve file in the <code>docker-data/dms/config/</code> path for each user login that needs a filter. The file name provided should be in the form <code><user_login>.dovecot.sieve</code>, so for example for <code>user1@example.com</code> you should provide a Sieve file named <code>docker-data/dms/config/user1@example.com.dovecot.sieve</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>An example of a sieve filter that moves mails to a folder <code>INBOX/spam</code> depending on the sender address:</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition example">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">require</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"fileinto"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"reject"</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nb">if</span> <span class="nb">address</span> <span class="nt">:contains</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"From"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s">"spam@spam.com"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">fileinto</span> <span class="s">"INBOX.spam"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="nb">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">keep</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonition warning">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
|
<p>That folders have to exist beforehand if sieve should move them.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Another example of a sieve filter that forward mails to a different address:</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition example">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">require</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"copy"</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nb">redirect</span> <span class="nt">:copy</span> <span class="s">"user2@not-example.com"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Just forward all incoming emails and do not save them locally:</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition example">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">redirect</span> <span class="s">"user2@not-example.com"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>You can also use external programs to filter or pipe (process) messages by adding executable scripts in <code>docker-data/dms/config/sieve-pipe</code> or <code>docker-data/dms/config/sieve-filter</code>. This can be used in lieu of a local alias file, for instance to forward an email to a webservice. These programs can then be referenced by filename, by all users. Note that the process running the scripts run as a privileged user. For further information see <a href="https://wiki.dovecot.org/Pigeonhole/Sieve/Plugins/Pipe">Dovecot's wiki</a>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">require</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"vnd.dovecot.pipe"</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
|
<span class="err">pipe</span> <span class="s">"external-program"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>For more examples or a detailed description of the Sieve language have a look at <a href="http://sieve.info/examplescripts">the official site</a>. Other resources are available on the internet where you can find several <a href="https://support.tigertech.net/sieve#sieve-example-rules-jmp">examples</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="automatic-sorting-based-on-subaddresses"><a class="toclink" href="#automatic-sorting-based-on-subaddresses">Automatic Sorting Based on Subaddresses</a></h2>
|
|
<p>It is possible to sort subaddresses such as <code>user+mailing-lists@example.com</code> into a corresponding folder (here: <code>INBOX/Mailing-lists</code>) automatically.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">require</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"envelope"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"fileinto"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"mailbox"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"subaddress"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"variables"</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nb">if</span> <span class="nb">envelope</span> <span class="nt">:detail</span> <span class="nt">:matches</span> <span class="s">"to"</span> <span class="s">"*"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">set</span> <span class="nt">:lower</span> <span class="nt">:upperfirst</span> <span class="s">"tag"</span> <span class="s">"${1}"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">if</span> <span class="err">mailbox</span><span class="nb">exists</span> <span class="s">"INBOX.${1}"</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">fileinto</span> <span class="s">"INBOX.${1}"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="nb">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">fileinto</span> <span class="nt">:create</span> <span class="s">"INBOX.${tag}"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="manage-sieve"><a class="toclink" href="#manage-sieve">Manage Sieve</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://doc.dovecot.org/admin_manual/pigeonhole_managesieve_server/">Manage Sieve</a> extension allows users to modify their Sieve script by themselves. The authentication mechanisms are the same as for the main dovecot service. ManageSieve runs on port <code>4190</code> and needs to be enabled using the <code>ENABLE_MANAGESIEVE=1</code> environment variable.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition example">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># docker-compose.yml</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"4190:4190"</span>
|
|
<span class="nt">environment</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ENABLE_MANAGESIEVE=1</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>All user defined sieve scripts that are managed by ManageSieve are stored in the user's home folder in <code>/var/mail/example.com/user1/sieve</code>. Just one sieve script might be active for a user and is sym-linked to <code>/var/mail/example.com/user1/.dovecot.sieve</code> automatically.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|
<p>ManageSieve makes sure to not overwrite an existing <code>.dovecot.sieve</code> file. If a user activates a new sieve script the old one is backuped and moved to the <code>sieve</code> folder.</p>
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</div>
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<p>The extension is known to work with the following ManageSieve clients:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong><a href="https://github.com/thsmi/sieve">Sieve Editor</a></strong> a portable standalone application based on the former Thunderbird plugin.</li>
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<li><strong><a href="https://kontact.kde.org/components/kmail/">Kmail</a></strong> the mail client of <a href="https://kde.org/">KDE</a>'s Kontact Suite.</li>
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