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User Management
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/dmarc/" class = "md-nav__link" >
DMARC
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/spf/" class = "md-nav__link" >
SPF
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../best-practices/autodiscover/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Auto-discovery
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_5" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_5" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_5" >
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Security
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Security" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_5" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Security
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../security/understanding-the-ports/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Understanding the Ports
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../security/ssl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
SSL/TLS
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../security/fail2ban/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Fail2Ban
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../security/mail_crypt/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail Encryption
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_6" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_6" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_6" >
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Troubleshooting
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Troubleshooting" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_6" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Troubleshooting
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../troubleshooting/debugging/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Debugging
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../pop3/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mail Delivery with POP3
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8" >
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Advanced Configuration
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Advanced Configuration" data-md-level = "2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Advanced Configuration
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../optional-config/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Optional Configuration
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8_2" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8_2" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8_2" >
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Maintenance
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Maintenance" data-md-level = "3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8_2" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Maintenance
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Update and Cleanup
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8_3" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8_3" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8_3" >
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Override the Default Configs
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Override the Default Configs" data-md-level = "3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8_3" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Override the Default Configs
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../override-defaults/dovecot/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Dovecot
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../override-defaults/postfix/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Postfix
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../override-defaults/user-patches/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Modifications via Script
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../auth-ldap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
LDAP Authentication
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../mail-sieve/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Email Filtering with Sieve
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../mail-fetchmail/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Email Gathering with Fetchmail
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_3_8_7" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_3_8_7" checked >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3_8_7" >
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Email Forwarding
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Email Forwarding" data-md-level = "3" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3_8_7" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Email Forwarding
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../mail-forwarding/relay-hosts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Relay Hosts
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../mail-forwarding/aws-ses/" class = "md-nav__link" >
AWS SES
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../full-text-search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Full-Text Search
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "toc" type = "checkbox" id = "__toc" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for = "__toc" >
Kubernetes
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
Kubernetes
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "Table of contents" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Table of contents
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#deployment-example" class = "md-nav__link" >
Deployment Example
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#exposing-to-the-outside-world" class = "md-nav__link" >
Exposing to the Outside World
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Exposing to the Outside World" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#external-ips-service" class = "md-nav__link" >
External IPs Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#proxy-port-to-service" class = "md-nav__link" >
Proxy port to Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network" class = "md-nav__link" >
Bind to concrete Node and use host network
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol" class = "md-nav__link" >
Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#configure-your-ingress" class = "md-nav__link" >
Configure your Ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#configure-the-mailserver" class = "md-nav__link" >
Configure the Mailserver
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#lets-encrypt-certificates" class = "md-nav__link" >
Let's Encrypt Certificates
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../ipv6/" class = "md-nav__link" >
IPv6
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4" >
Examples
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Examples" data-md-level = "1" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Examples
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_4_1" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_1" checked >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4_1" >
Tutorials
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Tutorials" data-md-level = "2" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_1" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Tutorials
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Basic Installation
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/mailserver-behind-proxy/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Mailserver behind Proxy
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_4_2" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_4_2" checked >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4_2" >
Use Cases
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Use Cases" data-md-level = "2" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_2" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Use Cases
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/uses-cases/forward-only-mailserver-with-ldap-authentication/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Forward-Only Mailserver with LDAP
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../faq/" class = "md-nav__link" >
FAQ
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle = "__nav_6" data-md-state = "indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_6" checked >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_6" >
Contributing
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Contributing" data-md-level = "1" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_6" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Contributing
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../contributing/issues-and-pull-requests/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Issues and Pull Requests
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../contributing/coding-style/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Coding Style
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../contributing/tests/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Tests
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../contributing/documentation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
Documentation
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/mailserver/docker-mailserver" class = "md-nav__link" >
DockerHub
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "https://github.com/orgs/docker-mailserver/packages/container/package/docker-mailserver" class = "md-nav__link" >
GHCR
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component = "sidebar" data-md-type = "toc" >
< div class = "md-sidebar__scrollwrap" >
< div class = "md-sidebar__inner" >
< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "Table of contents" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Table of contents
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#deployment-example" class = "md-nav__link" >
Deployment Example
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#exposing-to-the-outside-world" class = "md-nav__link" >
Exposing to the Outside World
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Exposing to the Outside World" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#external-ips-service" class = "md-nav__link" >
External IPs Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#proxy-port-to-service" class = "md-nav__link" >
Proxy port to Service
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network" class = "md-nav__link" >
Bind to concrete Node and use host network
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol" class = "md-nav__link" >
Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol
< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav" aria-label = "Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol" >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#configure-your-ingress" class = "md-nav__link" >
Configure your Ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#configure-the-mailserver" class = "md-nav__link" >
Configure the Mailserver
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#lets-encrypt-certificates" class = "md-nav__link" >
Let's Encrypt Certificates
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "md-content" data-md-component = "content" >
< article class = "md-content__inner md-typeset" >
< a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/edit/master/docs/content/config/advanced/kubernetes.md" title = "Edit this page" class = "md-content__button md-icon" >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z" / > < / svg >
< / a >
< h1 > Kubernetes< / h1 >
< h2 id = "deployment-example" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#deployment-example" > Deployment Example< / a > < / h2 >
< p > There is nothing much in deploying mailserver to Kubernetes itself. The things are pretty same as in < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/blob/master/docker-compose.yml" > < code > docker-compose.yml< / code > < / a > , but with Kubernetes syntax.< / p >
< details class = "example" > < summary > ConfigMap< / summary > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Namespace< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ConfigMap< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.env.config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > namespace< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > OVERRIDE_HOSTNAME< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > example.com< / span >
< span class = "nt" > ENABLE_FETCHMAIL< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > FETCHMAIL_POLL< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 120" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > ENABLE_SPAMASSASSIN< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > ENABLE_CLAMAV< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > ENABLE_FAIL2BAN< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > ENABLE_POSTGREY< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > ONE_DIR< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 1" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > DMS_DEBUG< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " 0" < / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ConfigMap< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > namespace< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > postfix-accounts.cf< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > user1@example.com|{SHA512-CRYPT}$6$2YpW1nYtPBs2yLYS$z.5PGH1OEzsHHNhl3gJrc3D.YMZkvKw/vp.r5WIiwya6z7P/CQ9GDEJDr2G2V0cAfjDFeAQPUoopsuWPXLk3u1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > postfix-virtual.cf< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > alias1@example.com user1@dexample.com< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #dovecot.cf: |< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # service stats {< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # unix_listener stats-reader {< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # group = docker< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mode = 0666< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # unix_listener stats-writer {< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # group = docker< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mode = 0666< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # }< / span >
< span class = "nt" > SigningTable< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > *@example.com mail._domainkey.example.com< / span >
< span class = "nt" > KeyTable< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > mail._domainkey.example.com example.com:mail:/etc/opendkim/keys/example.com-mail.key< / span >
< span class = "nt" > TrustedHosts< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > 127.0.0.1< / span >
< span class = "no" > localhost< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #user-patches.sh: |< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # #!/bin/bash< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #fetchmail.cf: |< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / details >
< details class = "example" > < summary > Secret< / summary > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Namespace< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Secret< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.opendkim.keys< / span >
< span class = "nt" > namespace< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > type< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Opaque< / span >
< span class = "nt" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > example.com-mail.key< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > ' base64-encoded-DKIM-key' < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / details >
< details class = "example" > < summary > Service< / summary > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Namespace< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Service< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > namespace< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > selector< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > ports< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp< / span >
< span class = "nt" > port< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 25< / span >
< span class = "nt" > targetPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-secure< / span >
< span class = "nt" > port< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 465< / span >
< span class = "nt" > targetPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-secure< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-auth< / span >
< span class = "nt" > port< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 587< / span >
< span class = "nt" > targetPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-auth< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap< / span >
< span class = "nt" > port< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 143< / span >
< span class = "nt" > targetPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap-secure< / span >
< span class = "nt" > port< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 993< / span >
< span class = "nt" > targetPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap-secure< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / details >
< details class = "example" > < summary > Deployment< / summary > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Namespace< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > apps/v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Deployment< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > namespace< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > replicas< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > selector< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > matchLabels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > template< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > role< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mail< / span >
< span class = "nt" > tier< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > backend< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #nodeSelector:< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # kubernetes.io/hostname: local.k8s< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #initContainers:< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #- name: init-myservice< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # image: busybox< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # command: [" /bin/sh" , " -c" , " cp /tmp/user-patches.sh /tmp/files" ]< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # volumeMounts:< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # - name: config< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # subPath: user-patches.sh< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mountPath: /tmp/user-patches.sh< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # readOnly: true< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # - name: tmp-files< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mountPath: /tmp/files< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containers< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > docker-mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > image< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver/docker-mailserver:latest< / span >
< span class = "nt" > imagePullPolicy< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Always< / span >
2021-05-26 08:35:41 +00:00
< span class = "nt" > securityContext< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > capabilities< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # If Fail2Ban is not enabled, you can remove NET_ADMIN.< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # If you are running on CRI-O, you will need the SYS_CHROOT capability,< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # as it is no longer a default capability.< / span >
< span class = "nt" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > [< / span > < span class = "s" > " NET_ADMIN" < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > ,< / span > < span class = "s" > " SYS_PTRACE" < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > ,< / span > < span class = "s" > " SYS_CHROOT" < / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > ]< / span >
2021-03-28 12:40:56 +00:00
< span class = "nt" > volumeMounts< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > postfix-accounts.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-accounts.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #- name: config< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # subPath: postfix-main.cf< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mountPath: /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-main.cf< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # readOnly: true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > postfix-virtual.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-virtual.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > fetchmail.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/fetchmail.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > dovecot.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/dovecot.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #- name: config< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # subPath: user1.example.com.dovecot.sieve< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mountPath: /tmp/docker-mailserver/user1@example.com.dovecot.sieve< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # readOnly: true< / span >
< span class = "c1" > #- name: tmp-files< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # subPath: user-patches.sh< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # mountPath: /tmp/docker-mailserver/user-patches.sh< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > SigningTable< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/opendkim/SigningTable< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > KeyTable< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/opendkim/KeyTable< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > TrustedHosts< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/opendkim/TrustedHosts< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > opendkim-keys< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/opendkim/keys< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > data< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /var/mail< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > data< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > data< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /var/mail-state< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > state< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > data< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /var/log/mail< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > log< / span >
< span class = "nt" > ports< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 25< / span >
< span class = "nt" > protocol< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > TCP< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-secure< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 465< / span >
< span class = "nt" > protocol< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > TCP< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-auth< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 587< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 143< / span >
< span class = "nt" > protocol< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > TCP< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap-secure< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 993< / span >
< span class = "nt" > protocol< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > TCP< / span >
< span class = "nt" > envFrom< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > configMapRef< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.env.config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > volumes< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > configMap< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.config< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > opendkim-keys< / span >
< span class = "nt" > secret< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > secretName< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.opendkim.keys< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > data< / span >
< span class = "nt" > persistentVolumeClaim< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > claimName< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mail-storage< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > tmp-files< / span >
< span class = "nt" > emptyDir< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > {}< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / details >
< div class = "admonition warning" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Warning< / p >
< p > Any sensitive data (keys, etc) should be deployed via < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret" > Secrets< / a > . Other configuration just fits well into < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configmap" > ConfigMaps< / a > .< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > Make sure that < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod" > Pod< / a > is < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node" > assigned< / a > to specific < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes" > Node< / a > in case you're using volume for data directly with < code > hostPath< / code > . Otherwise Pod can be rescheduled on a different Node and previous data won't be found. Except the case when you're using some shared filesystem on your Nodes.< / p >
< / div >
2021-05-26 08:35:41 +00:00
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p > If you experience issues with processes crashing showing an error like < code > operation not permitted< / code > or < code > postfix/pickup[987]: fatal: chroot(/var/spool/postfix): Operation not permitted< / code > , then you should add the < code > SYS_CHROOT< / code > capability. Runtimes like CRI-O do not ship with this capability by default.< / p >
< / div >
2021-03-28 12:40:56 +00:00
< h2 id = "exposing-to-the-outside-world" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#exposing-to-the-outside-world" > Exposing to the Outside World< / a > < / h2 >
< p > The hard part with Kubernetes is to expose deployed mailserver to outside world. Kubernetes provides multiple ways for doing that. Each has its downsides and complexity.< / p >
< p > The major problem with exposing mailserver to outside world in Kubernetes is to < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip" > preserve real client IP< / a > . Real client IP is required by mailserver for performing IP-based SPF checks and spam checks.< / p >
< p > Preserving real client IP is relatively < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip" > non-trivial in Kubernetes< / a > and most exposing ways do not provide it. So, it's up to you to decide which exposing way suits better your needs in a price of complexity.< / p >
< p > If you do not require SPF checks for incoming mails you may disable them in < a href = "../override-defaults/postfix/" > Postfix configuration< / a > by dropping following line (which removes < code > check_policy_service unix:private/policyd-spf< / code > option):< / p >
< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ConfigMap< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > postfix-main.cf< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Deployment< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > extensions/v1beta1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > volumeMounts< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > postfix-main.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-main.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< h3 id = "external-ips-service" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#external-ips-service" > External IPs Service< / a > < / h3 >
< p > The simplest way is to expose mailserver as a < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service" > Service< / a > with < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#external-ips" > external IPs< / a > .< / p >
< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Service< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > selector< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > ports< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp< / span >
< span class = "nt" > port< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 25< / span >
< span class = "nt" > targetPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > externalIPs< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 80.11.12.10< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > < strong > Downsides< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li >
< p > < strong > Real client IP is not preserved< / strong > , so SPF check of incoming mail will fail.< / p >
< / li >
< li >
< p > Requirement to specify exposed IPs explicitly.< / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "proxy-port-to-service" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#proxy-port-to-service" > Proxy port to Service< / a > < / h3 >
< p > The < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/for-demos/proxy-to-service" > Proxy Pod< / a > helps to avoid necessity of specifying external IPs explicitly. This comes in price of complexity: you must deploy Proxy Pod on each < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes" > Node< / a > you want to expose mailserver on.< / p >
< p > < strong > Downsides< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > Real client IP is not preserved< / strong > , so SPF check of incoming mail will fail.< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#bind-to-concrete-node-and-use-host-network" > Bind to concrete Node and use host network< / a > < / h3 >
< p > The simplest way to preserve real client IP is to use < code > hostPort< / code > and < code > hostNetwork: true< / code > in the mailserver < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod" > Pod< / a > . This comes in price of availability: you can talk to mailserver from outside world only via IPs of < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes" > Node< / a > where mailserver is deployed.< / p >
< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Deployment< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > extensions/v1beta1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > hostNetwork< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containers< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > ports< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 25< / span >
< span class = "nt" > hostPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 25< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > smtp-auth< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 587< / span >
< span class = "nt" > hostPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 587< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > imap-secure< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containerPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 993< / span >
< span class = "nt" > hostPort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 993< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > < strong > Downsides< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > Not possible to access mailserver via other cluster Nodes, only via the one mailserver deployed at.< / li >
< li > Every Port within the Container is exposed on the Host side, regardless of what the < code > ports< / code > section in the Configuration defines. < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#proxy-port-to-service-via-proxy-protocol" > Proxy Port to Service via PROXY Protocol< / a > < / h3 >
< p > This way is ideologically the same as < a href = "#proxy-port-to-service" > using Proxy Pod< / a > , but instead of a separate proxy pod, you configure your ingress to proxy TCP traffic to the mailserver pod using the PROXY protocol, which preserves the real client IP.< / p >
< h4 id = "configure-your-ingress" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#configure-your-ingress" > Configure your Ingress< / a > < / h4 >
< p > With an < a href = "https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx" > NGINX ingress controller< / a > , set < code > externalTrafficPolicy: Local< / code > for its service, and add the following to the TCP services config map (as described < a href = "https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/exposing-tcp-udp-services" > here< / a > ):< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > 25< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " mailserver/mailserver:25::PROXY" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > 465< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " mailserver/mailserver:465::PROXY" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > 587< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " mailserver/mailserver:587::PROXY" < / span >
< span class = "nt" > 993< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > " mailserver/mailserver:993::PROXY" < / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< p > With < a href = "https://hub.docker.com/_/haproxy" > HAProxy< / a > , the configuration should look similar to the above. If you know what it actually looks like, add an example here. < img alt = "😃" class = "twemoji" src = "https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/v/latest/svg/1f603.svg" title = ":smiley:" / > < / p >
< h4 id = "configure-the-mailserver" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#configure-the-mailserver" > Configure the Mailserver< / a > < / h4 >
< p > Then, configure both < a href = "../override-defaults/postfix/" > Postfix< / a > and < a href = "../override-defaults/dovecot/" > Dovecot< / a > to expect the PROXY protocol:< / p >
< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > ConfigMap< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > v1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > data< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > postfix-main.cf< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol = haproxy< / span >
< span class = "nt" > postfix-master.cf< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > smtp/inet/postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol=haproxy< / span >
< span class = "no" > submission/inet/smtpd_upstream_proxy_protocol=haproxy< / span >
< span class = "no" > smtps/inet/smtpd_upstream_proxy_protocol=haproxy< / span >
< span class = "nt" > dovecot.cf< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p p-Indicator" > |< / span >
< span class = "no" > # Assuming your ingress controller is bound to 10.0.0.0/8< / span >
< span class = "no" > haproxy_trusted_networks = 10.0.0.0/8, 127.0.0.0/8< / span >
< span class = "no" > service imap-login {< / span >
< span class = "no" > inet_listener imap {< / span >
< span class = "no" > haproxy = yes< / span >
< span class = "no" > }< / span >
< span class = "no" > inet_listener imaps {< / span >
< span class = "no" > haproxy = yes< / span >
< span class = "no" > }< / span >
< span class = "no" > }< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nn" > ---< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Deployment< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > extensions/v1beta1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > template< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > containers< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > docker-mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > volumeMounts< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > postfix-main.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-main.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > postfix-master.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/postfix-master.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > config< / span >
< span class = "nt" > subPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > dovecot.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /tmp/docker-mailserver/dovecot.cf< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > < strong > Downsides< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > Not possible to access mailserver via inner cluster Kubernetes DNS, as PROXY protocol is required for incoming connections.< / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "lets-encrypt-certificates" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#lets-encrypt-certificates" > Let's Encrypt Certificates< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://github.com/jetstack/kube-lego" > Kube-Lego< / a > may be used for a role of Let's Encrypt client. It works with Kubernetes < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress" > Ingress Resources< / a > and automatically issues/manages certificates/keys for exposed services via Ingresses.< / p >
< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "nt" > kind< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > Ingress< / span >
< span class = "nt" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > extensions/v1beta1< / span >
< span class = "nt" > metadata< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > labels< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > app< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > annotations< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > kubernetes.io/tls-acme< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > ' true' < / span >
< span class = "nt" > spec< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > rules< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > host< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > example.com< / span >
< span class = "nt" > http< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > paths< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > path< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /< / span >
< span class = "nt" > backend< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > serviceName< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > default-backend< / span >
< span class = "nt" > servicePort< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > 80< / span >
< span class = "nt" > tls< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > secretName< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.tls< / span >
< span class = "nt" > hosts< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > example.com< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > Now, you can use Let's Encrypt cert and key from < code > mailserver.tls< / code > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret" > Secret< / a > in your < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod" > Pod< / a > spec:< / p >
< div class = "admonition example" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Example< / p >
< div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > env< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > SSL_TYPE< / span >
< span class = "nt" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > ' manual' < / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > SSL_CERT_PATH< / span >
< span class = "nt" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > ' /etc/ssl/mailserver/tls.crt' < / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > SSL_KEY_PATH< / span >
< span class = "nt" > value< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "s" > ' /etc/ssl/mailserver/tls.key' < / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > volumeMounts< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > tls< / span >
< span class = "nt" > mountPath< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > /etc/ssl/mailserver< / span >
< span class = "nt" > readOnly< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > true< / span >
< span class = "c1" > # ...< / span >
< span class = "nt" > volumes< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "p p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "nt" > name< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > tls< / span >
< span class = "nt" > secret< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< span class = "nt" > secretName< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain" > mailserver.tls< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< / article >
< / div >
< / div >
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